2018
DOI: 10.1080/13608746.2018.1511077
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The Determinants of Women’s Empowerment in Turkey: A Multilevel Analysis

Abstract: This article analyses the state and determinants of women's empowerment in Turkey, based on an extensive and representative survey with more than 100,000 participants. It creates an original index of women's self-perceived empowerment, which incorporates empowerment measures on health, education, income, social life, and personal care and conducts multilevel analysis that integrates effects of individual-level factors with contextual, locality-specific forces. Multilevel analysis confirms the nested nature of … Show more

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Cited by 41 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…This result is in tune with some studies where education, geography, employment and income are determining factor for empowerment (e.g. Wiklander, 2010; Trommlerová et al , 2015; Cinar and Kose, 2018).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…This result is in tune with some studies where education, geography, employment and income are determining factor for empowerment (e.g. Wiklander, 2010; Trommlerová et al , 2015; Cinar and Kose, 2018).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…Conversely, females with children may indicate maturity and readiness to be represented in a senior position (White et al, 2011). Cinar and Kose (2018), in their research conducted in Turkey, found that marriage is positively associated with a higher status of empowerment. Notwithstanding, females are more likely to fail in work-life balance and choose only to work or enjoy family life (Hyman & Summers, 2004;Kelly et al, 2011;Al-Asfour et al, 2017;Cinar&Cinar, 2018).…”
Section: Research Objectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a result, many women go for part-time or low-paid jobs (Cinar &Cinar, 2019). For some women, housekeeping is direct labor, while the job is becoming less important, leading to lower aspiration levels (Al-Asfour et al, 2017;Cinar and Kose, 2018). Meanwhile, to move career-wise, a candidate must demonstrate aspiration, be intentional, be open to new opportunities, and be 'visible' to get a 'seat at the table of leadership' (Selzer & Robles, 2019, p.120).…”
Section: Research Objectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But the position of women and their participation in education, economics, and politics is insignificant compared to the Western world. According to the World Economic Forum's gender gap index, Turkey ranked 131 st among the 144 countries surveyed (Cinar & Kose, 2018;World Economic Forum, 2017).…”
Section: Politicsmentioning
confidence: 99%