The determination of 134Cs and 22Na diffusion profiles in granodiorite using gamma spectroscopy

Jokelainen, Lalli; Meski, Tanja; Lindberg, Antero; Soler, Josep M.; Siitari-Kauppi, Marja; Martin, Andrew J.; Eikenberg, J.

doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2268-y

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The process of drilling and subsequent sample treatment for laboratory testing can create new cracks and microcracks through stress release and disturbance (e.g., Autio et al, 1998;Bradbury and Stephen, 1986; Skagius and Neretnieks, 1986; Tullborg and Larson, 2006;Vilks et al, 2003). Increased porosity values in laboratory samples due to artificially disturbed conditions compared to in situ conditions have been well documented in previous studies (e.g., Jokelainen et al, 2013;Ota et al, 2003; Tullborg and Larson, 2006). These differences are even more pronounced in laboratory experiments when using smaller and thinner samples (Tullborg and Larson, 2006;Valkiainen et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Matrix diffusion and sorption of Cs+, Na+, I– and HTO in granodiorite: Laboratory-scale results and their extrapolation to the in situ condition

Tachi

Ebina²,

Takeda³

et al. 2015

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Matrix diffusion and sorption of Cs+, Na+, I– and HTO in granodiorite: Laboratory-scale results and their extrapolation to the in situ condition

Tachi

Ebina²,

Takeda³

et al. 2015

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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“…The main rock type in this area is the so-called Grimsel "granodiorite" although from a petrologic point of view it should be classified as granite (Kralik et al, 1992). Details on the bulk mineralogical composition of the Grimsel granodiorite are given by Jokelainen et al (2013). Due to tectonic deformation ductile shear zones and soft fault gouges were formed which have been reactivated later by brittle deformation causing thick fault gouge in the cm scale consisting mainly of phengite (smectite) and inter-bedded rock fragments (Meyer et al, 1989;Bossart and Mazurek, 1992).…”

Section: Fracture Filling Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide desorption kinetics on synthetic Zn/Ni-labeled montmorillonite nanoparticles

Huber

Heck

Truche

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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International audienceSorption/desorption kinetics for selected radionuclides (Tc-99(VII), Th-232(IV), U-233(VI), Np-237(V), Pu-242 and Am-243(III)) under Grimsel (Switzerland) ground water conditions (pH 9.7 and ionic strength of similar to 1mM) in the presence of synthetic Zn or Ni containing montmorillonite nanoparticles and granodiorite fracture filling material (FFM) from Grimsel were examined in batch studies. The structurally bound Zn or Ni in the octahedral sheet of the synthetic colloids rendered them suitable as colloid markers. Only a weak interaction of the montmorillonite colloids with the fracture filling material occurs over the experimental duration of 10,000 h (similar to 13 months). The tri- and tetravalent radionuclides are initially strongly associated with nanoparticles in contrast to Tc-99(VII), U-233(VI) and Np-237(V) which showed no sorption to the montmorillonite colloids. Radionuclide desorption of the nanoparticles followed by sorption to the fracture filling material is observed for Th-232(IV), Pu-242 and Am-243(III). Based on the conceptual model that the driving force for the kinetically controlled radionuclide desorption from nanoparticles and subsequent association to the FFM is the excess in surface area offered by the FFM, the observed desorption kinetics are related to the colloid/FFM surface area ratio. The observed decrease in concentration of the redox sensitive elements Tc-99(VII), U-233(VI) and Np-237(V) may be explained by reduction to lower oxidation states in line with Eh-pH conditions prevailing in the experiments and thermodynamic considerations leading to (i) precipitation of a sparingly soluble phase, (ii) sorption to the fracture filling material, (iii) possible formation of eigencolloids and/or (iv) sorption to the montmorillonite colloids. Subsequent to the sorption/ desorption kinetics study, an additional experiment was conducted investigating the potential remobilization of radionuclides/ colloids attached to the FFM used in the sorption/desorption kinetic experiments by contacting this FFM with pure Grimsel groundwater for 7 days. A positive correlation of Pu-242, Th-232(IV) and Np-237 was observed with the Zn and Ni concentrations in the desorption experiments indicating a remobilization of sorbed montmorillonite colloids. The results of the study in hand highlight (i) the novel use of structural labeled colloids to decrease the uncertainties in the determination of nanoparticle attachment providing more confidence in the derived radionuclide desorption rates. Moreover, the data illustrate (ii) the importance of radionuclide colloid desorption to be considered in the analysis and application of colloid facilitated transport both in laboratory or in-situ experiments and numerical model simulations and (iii) a possible remobilization of sorbed colloids and associated radionuclides by desorption from the matrix material (FFM) under non-equilibrium conditions

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“…In situ diffusion profiles of weakly sorbing sodium and strongly sorbing cesium were presented previously by Jokelainen et al [22]. This paper investigates the diffusion profiles of HTO and I-127.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Other minerals, which together make up less than five percent in volume, are green amphibole (hornblende), muscovite, epidote, titanite and opaque minerals (probably mostly iron sulphides) [19,22]. Grain sizes of plagioclase, potassium feldspar and aggregates of quartz varies from 2 to 5 mm whereas other minerals are usually smaller, ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm.…”

Section: Experiments Set-up and Outline Geology Of The Grimsel Test Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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The tritiated water and iodine migration in situ in Grimsel granodiorite. Part I: determination of the diffusion profiles

Ikonen

Sardini

Jokelainen

et al. 2016

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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The determination of 134Cs and 22Na diffusion profiles in granodiorite using gamma spectroscopy

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Matrix diffusion and sorption of Cs+, Na+, I– and HTO in granodiorite: Laboratory-scale results and their extrapolation to the in situ condition

Matrix diffusion and sorption of Cs+, Na+, I– and HTO in granodiorite: Laboratory-scale results and their extrapolation to the in situ condition

Radionuclide desorption kinetics on synthetic Zn/Ni-labeled montmorillonite nanoparticles

The tritiated water and iodine migration in situ in Grimsel granodiorite. Part I: determination of the diffusion profiles

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