The determination of chlorophenols in waste water by capillary zone electrophoresis with an organic modifier

Abstract

SummaryA capillaryzone electrophoretic method has been optimized to improve seJectivity and resoJution in the analysis of chlorophenols in waste water. Use of a buffer system containing organic solvent dramatically improved the separation of chlorophenols. It was shown that selectivity was strongly affected by electrolyte pH and the presence of organic modifiers. The results show that the determination of all seventeen chlorinated derivatives of phenol in water can be achieved by use of a single organic modifier. For example, with acetone as organic modifier all 17 chlorophenols could be separated and determined within 20 min. The standard deviation of migration times and peak areas of the chlorophenols were in the ranges 0.48 -0.67% and 3.9 -5.1% respectively. Detection linear ranges covered I',,vo orders of magnitude of concentration with correlation coefficients of 0 . 9 9 8 -1.000, except for 4-chlorophenol. Quantitative aspects of capillary zone electrophoresis are also discussed. It was concluded that capillaryzone electrophoresis is a potential method for determination ofchlorophenol pollutants in waste water.

Alternativas verdes para o preparo de amostra e determinação de poluentes fenólicos em água

“…61 Entretanto, é importante ressaltar que a legislação estabelece um controle de fenóis totais em água e não apenas de espécies individuais; logo, é importante e necessário o desenvolvimento de procedimentos para determinação de compostos fenólicos totais.…”

“…20,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] Todos os trabalhos reportados na literatura apresentam modificações peculiares no processo de extração com o objetivo de melhorar a análise e os resultados. Um exemplo é o método analítico descrito por Santana et al, 66 no qual a MEFS com dessorção em meio micelar foi aplicada para determinação de cloro-fenóis em amostras de esgoto tratado e águas subterrâneas, utilizando CLAE e um detector com arranjo de diodos (DAD).…”

Sensitivity enhancement of chlorinated phenols by continuous flow liquid membrane extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis

“…Separation of chlorinated phenols is not an easy task because substituted chlorinated phenols sometimes differ only very slightly, making their characters very similar, especially in the case of the isomers. Up to now, various separation methods have been reported for chlorinated phenols [15,16]. To our knowledge, as long as the separation buffer was properly selected the chlorinated phenols could be well separated.…”

Determination of phenolic compounds in industrial wastewaters by gas chromatography after extraction and preconcentration by microextraction procedure

“…Due to their toxicity, carcinogenicity and persistence, some of them have been included in the lists of priority pollutants of several countries and are required to be determined (Puig and Barcelo, 1996; Commission of the European Communities, 1990). High-performance liquid chromatography (Ou et al, 2006), electrochemical techniques (Gan et al, 2016;Gan et al, 2019;Gan et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2015), capillary electrophoresis (Fu et al, 2002), and gas chromatography (GC) (Zhou et al, 2005) have been commonly used among other analytical approaches for the trace-level analysis of phenols. However GC with flame ionization detector (FID) (Ghorbanpour et al, 2014;Sarafraz et al, 2012;Farajzadeh et al, 2014), electron capture detector (Bagheri and Saraji, 2001) or mass spectrometry (MS) (Faraji et al, 2009) is preferred to the rest, because of its benefits such as high sensitivity and resolution, fast separation, and low cost (a, 2001;Rodriguez et al, 1997).…”