The determination of dialkyllead, trialkyllead, tetraalkyllead and lead(II) ions in water by chelation/ extraction and gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry

Complexation of trialkyllead with diethyldithiocarbamate

“…At pH 9, it is a concentration of about lo-' mol DDC/L, which fits well with the experimentally obtained minimum value for the quantitative extraction of &PbDDC complexes [20]. Concentrations of DDC used by other authors, which were deduced experimentally, vary between 1 x mol/L [15] and 2.5 X lo-' mol/L [14] and are well above the calculated minimum value. The required DDC concentration can be lowered by decreasing pH of the water phase (Figure 5b) but should be increased if pH is higher than 10.…”

“…Data for other complexes appearing in the solution, as trialkyllead chlorides and hydroxides (values are already quoted in the introductory section), were taken from Hogfeldt [231. The distribution is calculated as a function of DDC concentration (Figure 5a), in the solution containing chlorides (which is usually added to enhance the separation of aqueous and organic phase [14,20,33,34]) at pH 9 (recommended as a favorable pH by some authors 115,201). The lowest concentration of DDC required for the trialkyllead being predominantly in the form of the DDC complex (which is a prerequisite for their quantitative extraction) can be obtained from such distribu- tion.…”

Organolead speciation in environmental samples: a review

“…Detection was greatly enhanced using an electrically heated silica-tube furnace [13,52,69,91] or a commercial graphite furnace (GF) [14,[92][93][94]. The most sensitive configuration for GC-GFAAS has been achieved by replacing the normal purge gas flows by the chromatographic effluent.…”

Kinetic parameters of the inhibition of red blood cell aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by triethyl lead and its reversal by dithiothreitol and zinc

“…Total lead and alkyl lead speciation was carried out on blood and 3EL solutions using a combination of gas chromatograph and atomic absorption (GC-AA) methods described by Chau et a1 (9).…”