The determination of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. (Zhi Gan Cao) root and the dried aqueous extract by LC–DAD

Hennell, James R.; Lee, Samiuela; Khoo, Cheang; Gray, Michael J.; Bensoussan, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.037

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our data showed that after 24 h of incubation, 24-h hypoxic trophoblast CM increased endothelial cell monolayer permeability compared with normoxic trophoblast CM, and the increased permeability was reversed by trophoblasts HMGB1 siRNA transfection before hypoxia. GA, the main component of radix glycyrrhizae, has a variety of pharmacologic activities (19)(20)(21)(22). Recent studies showed that GA played an important role in the inhibition of HMGB1 (23,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also aimed to detect whether increased endothelial cell permeability is HMGB1-TLR/RAGE-CAV-1 pathway dependent. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the main logic activities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerous, antidotal, antiallergic, antiviral, immunomodulating, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective properties (19)(20)(21)(22). It was demonstrated that GA played an important role in the inhibition of HMGB1 (23,24); therefore, we also aimed to evaluate the effect of GA as an inhibitor of hypoxia trophoblast (including PMT and JEG-3) HMGB1 induced hyperpermeability of endothelial cells (ECs), including HUVECs and mouse arterial endothelial cells [MAECs].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hypoxic Trophoblast HMGB1 Induces Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability via the TRL-4/Caveolin-1 Pathway

Jiang¹,

Cai

Zhu

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in the pathologic processes of endothelial permeability under oxidative stress. Trophoblast oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE). HMGB1 serum levels are increased in PE. However, the potential roles of HMGB1 in endothelial permeability in PE remain unclear. We assessed the effects of the hypoxic trophoblast on the permeability of the endothelial monolayer. Our results showed that the hypoxic trophoblast displayed higher HMGB1 mRNA, intracellular HMGB1 protein, and HMGB1 in conditioned medium than those of the normoxic trophoblast did. The hypoxic trophoblast conditioned medium increased the endothelial monolayer permeability and increased TLR 4 and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) protein expression in endothelial cells, which was inhibited by glycyrrhizic acid and HMGB1 small interfering RNA transfection to trophoblasts before hypoxia. The increased endothelial permeability induced by hypoxic trophoblast conditioned medium could be inhibited with TLR4 or CAV-1 gene silencing in endothelial cells. Immunoprecipitation showed that CAV-1 and TLR4 are colocalized in HUVECs and C57BL/6 mouse kidney. TLR4 small interfering RNA suppressed CAV-1 protein expression in endothelial cells upon stimulation of hypoxic trophoblast conditioned medium or HMGB1. We conclude that hypoxic trophoblasts play an important role in the mechanism of general edema (including protein urine) in PE via increasing endothelial monolayer permeability through the HMGB1/TLR4/CAV-1 pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic Trophoblast HMGB1 Induces Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability via the TRL-4/Caveolin-1 Pathway

Jiang¹,

Cai

Zhu

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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“…In addition, several HPLC methods were also used to investigate the chemical constituents of Glycyrrhiza species [19][20][21]. However, the method of LC-MS/MS with MRM has not been reported to be used in the licorice analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin, formononetin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, and licochalcone A in licorice by LC-MS/MS

Xie¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

Acta Chromatographica

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Summary.A new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin, formononetin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, and licochalcone A in licorice. An Eclipse Plus C 18 column (I.D. 4.6 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm particle size; Agilent) was used in the analysis. Electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem interface in the negative mode was performed, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was employed with the precursor multiple reaction monitoring production combination for the determination of six analytes. The average recoveries ranged from 98.30% to 100.13% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤1.95%, and limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 2.1 to 3.6 pg. The applicability of this analytical approach was confirmed by the successful analysis of six samples. The results indicated that the established method was validated, sensitive, and reliable for the determination of six analytes in licorice.

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“…The extraction solvent (0.5 % ammonia 50 mL) was added, the sample was refluxed for 2×1 h, combined filtrate was evaporated and pH was adjusted to 2 with H 2 So 4 volume fraction of 98 %. After filtrating, the precipitation was suspended with sterile h 2 O and centrifuged at 2500×g for 5 min; the precipitation was dried in an oven (7). the crude glycyrrhizin was dissolved in methanol (50 % volume fraction) and decolorized two times with 1 g activated charcoal, then filtered and evaporated to dry.…”

Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Glycyrrhizin in Cell Suspension ofGlycyrrhiza InflataBatalin Cultured in Bioreactor

Yang

et al. 2012

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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The determination of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. (Zhi Gan Cao) root and the dried aqueous extract by LC–DAD

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Hypoxic Trophoblast HMGB1 Induces Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability via the TRL-4/Caveolin-1 Pathway

Hypoxic Trophoblast HMGB1 Induces Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability via the TRL-4/Caveolin-1 Pathway

Identification and simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin, formononetin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, and licochalcone A in licorice by LC-MS/MS

Production of Glycyrrhizin in Cell Suspension ofGlycyrrhiza InflataBatalin Cultured in Bioreactor

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