The Determination of Methanol Using an Electrolytically Fabricated Nickel Microparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

Toghill, Kathryn E.; Liu, Xiao; Stradiotto, Nelson Ramos; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1002/elan.200900523

Cited by 72 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The increasing development and application of EC-AFM techniques is shown to be further improving the extent of particle growth control, allowing for surface characterization almost simultaneously to deposition. Furthermore, despite claims [16, 42 -44] that electrodeposited metals are unstable, BDD metal modified electrodes seem to exhibit high stability in some cases, such as with the nickel [19,51] and iron [20] nanoparticle modified electrodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This paper also reported the inherent instability associated with electrolyti- Methanol and other primary alcohols have been electroanalytically determined by other metal nanoparticle modified BDD electrodes, namely a platinum/tin bimetallic nanoparticle modification [52] and a nickel nanoparticle modified electrode [19,51]. The former were fabricated by a microemulsion technique, discussed in a later section, whilst the latter Ni-BDD electrode was fabricated by electrodeposition methods.…”

Section: Electrolytically Deposited Metal Modified Bdd Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The spherical nanoparticles are evident in the images, and are directly compared to the bare BDD electrode, also shown in the figure. This Ni-BDD electrode, simply and reproducibly fabricated, was analytically electrocatalytic toward methanol [51] ethanol, glycerol [19] and very recently glucose [72] to comparable limits of detection as other nickel based electrodes. A clear advantage of the Ni-BDD electrode however was the low background current and resistance to electrode fouling and surface oxidation.…”

Section: Electrolytically Deposited Metal Modified Bdd Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Toghill¹,

Compton²

2010

Electroanalysis

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Metal nanoparticle modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been used in the electroanalysis of a number of inorganic and organic analytes. This simple surface modification has enhanced the sensitivity and analytical ability of BDD effectively and consistently, as reported in a number of publications overviewed herein. In this review, a number of metal nanoparticle systems that have utilized BDD electrodes will be discussed. The low capacitance of BDD makes it an ideal substrate for sensitive dynamic electroanalytical experiments. The metal nanoparticle modification of BDD offers a simple yet effective approach to enhancing the electroanalytical ability of the electrode material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Electrolytically Deposited Metal Modified Bdd Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Electrolytically Deposited Metal Modified Bdd Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Toghill¹,

Compton²

2010

Electroanalysis

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“…[33] The catalytic features of Ni electrodes are directly related to the electrochemistry of Ni(OH) 2 film layers that form spontaneously on the Ni surface. [34] Ni electrodes, or in situ generated Ni-nanoparticle-modified electrodes, have been previously used for the analysis of methanol, [35] sulfide, [36] and adenine [37] by exploiting the catalytic features of the Ni(OH) 2 /NiOOH redox couple. It is surprising that such catalytic effects have not been explored in correlation with the Ni-based metallic impurities present in CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐Active Nickel in Carbon Nanotubes and Its Direct Determination

Ambrosi

Pumera

2012

Chemistry A European J

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The presence of residual metal-catalyst impurities in carbon nanotubes is responsible for their toxicity. It is important to differentiate between the total amount of impurities and the redox-active (bioavailable) amount of such impurities because only the bioavailable impurities exhibit toxic effects. Herein, we report a simple and specific method for quantifying the amount of redox-active Ni present in various commercial samples of CNTs. It is based on the electrochemical oxidation of Ni(OH)(2) that is formed in alkaline solutions when Ni impurities are opened to the surrounding environment. Metallic Ni impurities play an extremely active role in toxicological assays as well as in undesired catalytic processes, and thus a method to rapidly quantify the amount of redox-active Ni is of great importance.

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“…3 However, problems related to degradation and expansion of the Ni based catalyst structure during the oxidation still exist. 4 Moreover, nickel's reaction with dissolved oxygen in aerated alkaline solution may result in potential variation driven by formation of Ni(OH) 2 and NiOOH. Such change in concentration of OH − anions is a dominant factor of Ni based catalyst to examine physiological measurement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication—Highly Sensitive Ag/ZnO Nanorods Composite Electrode for Non-Enzymatic Urea Detection

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Sputtered Ag on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod-structures grown on a carbon paper substrate were investigated as an electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic oxidation of urea. The Ag/ZnO nanorod-modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in 1 M KOH electrolyte with 0.33 M urea. The synergetic electrochemical performance due to the combined Ag and ZnO nanorod materials shows a good sensitivity of 0.1622 μAμM −1 cm −2 with a low detection limit of 13.98 μM. Simple and scalable fabrication of the electrode can make it a potential candidate for non-enzymatic urea sensor with reproducible and sensitive detection. Urea [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] is currently used as a fertilizer and a starting material for plastic production and drugs. The urea concentration is considered as an important indicator in process of agriculture chemistry, food and pharmaceutical products, and environmental protection.1 Urea is also an end product of the metabolic breakdown of proteins in all mammals and some fishes.2 Therefore, the measurement of urea can be important in biomedical and clinic analysis. It is reported that abnormal levels of urea in serum can be related to several diseases such as renal, dehydrant, and hepatic issues.3 Recently, urea is also explored as potential hydrogen storage materials, and monitoring of urea concentration may be important in developing highly performing energy storage and conversion systems. 2Many sensing platforms are based on the use of enzyme to hydrolyze urea for the release of NH 4+ , HCO 3− , and OH − ions. This method can suffer the difficulties associated with enzyme immobilization technique and stability problems caused by denaturation of enzyme.3 Therefore, electrochemical approach regarding the oxidation of several metals and/or metal oxides such as Ni/NiO 2 has been investigated for non-enzymatic detection of urea. Ni based catalyst is reported to present better performance in the electro-catalytic oxidation of molecules such as urea 1 and glucose.3 However, problems related to degradation and expansion of the Ni based catalyst structure during the oxidation still exist. 4 Moreover, nickel's reaction with dissolved oxygen in aerated alkaline solution may result in potential variation driven by formation of Ni(OH) 2 and NiOOH. Such change in concentration of OH − anions is a dominant factor of Ni based catalyst to examine physiological measurement. 4In this letter, new set of silver catalysts on ZnO nanorods/carbon electrode was investigated as a method of non-enzymatic urea detection. Morphological and electrochemical properties of Ag catalyst deposited ZnO nanorods were characterized to understand the relation on morphologies of the electrodes and electrochemical response in urea detection. Non-enzymatic detection from the electrode demonstrates good sensitivity on the determination of urea concentration. ExperimentalCarbon paper (Fuel cells etc.) was cut into a 0.3 cm 2 piece and attached on a flat glass substrate. The carbon paper on the glass substrate was then dipped int...

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The Determination of Methanol Using an Electrolytically Fabricated Nickel Microparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

Cited by 72 publications

References 78 publications

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Metal Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Use in Electroanalysis

Redox‐Active Nickel in Carbon Nanotubes and Its Direct Determination

Communication—Highly Sensitive Ag/ZnO Nanorods Composite Electrode for Non-Enzymatic Urea Detection

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