The determination of trace metals in mineral waters

Hudnik, V.; Gomišček, S.; Gorenc, B.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)83236-0

Cited by 54 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Various coprecipitants have been proposed: hydroxides of iron(III), 1 hafnium, 2 and indium, 3-6 tetramethylenedithiocarbamate of iron(III), 1 pyrrolidinedithiocarbamates of cobalt, 7 copper, 8,9 and iron(III), 8,9 and diethyldithiocarbamates of zinc, 10,11 nickel, 12 and bismuth. 13 For the determination of cadmium in environmental water, including river water, more than 50-times enrichment is frequently required 1,3,5,7,12,13 because of a very low cadmium content in the water sample. 14 Although a large volume of the water sample is often used for coprecipitation to achieve a high enrichment, complete collection of the precipitate is a tedious operation and time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cadmium in River Water by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Internal Standardization-Assisted Rapid Coprecipitation with Lanthanum Phosphate

et al. 2003

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Cadmium ranging from 1 -8 ng could be coprecipitated quantitatively with lanthanum phosphate at pH 5 -6 from up to 200 mL of river water samples spiked with 5 µg of indium as an internal standard. Cadmium and indium coprecipitated were measured by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The cadmium content in the original sample solution could be determined by internal standardization with indium. Since complete collection of the precipitate and strict adjustment of the volume of the final solution after coprecipitation are not required in this method, the precipitate could be collected by using decantation and centrifugation, and then dissolved with 1 mL of about 2.4 mol L -1 nitric acid. The proposed method is simple and rapid, and enrichment close to 200-times can be attained; the detection limit (3σ, n = 6) was 0.63 ng L -1 in 200 mL of the sample solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cadmium in River Water by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Internal Standardization-Assisted Rapid Coprecipitation with Lanthanum Phosphate

et al. 2003

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“…The method using tin(IV) 16 takes long time in order to remove tin(IV) as stannic acid, because the tin(IV) carrier causes large background absorption. The use of hafnium hydroxide 11 is expensive and that of iron(III) hydroxide 10 can not avoid the coprecipitation of large amounts of alkaline earth metals, which may interfere with the cadmium determination. Although samarium hydroxide 18 is a good collector, the optimal pH for the coprecipitation is high (pH 12.2), and hence not easily handled.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Cadmium in Spring Water by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Coprecipitation with Ytterbium Hydroxide

2005

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Since long ago, spring water has been used for therapeutic bathing and drinking cures. However, toxic materials are sometimes contained in them. Thus, analyses of toxic materials in spring water are required for accurately access pollution levels, especially in the case of drinking cures. This time, we focused on cadmium, which is one of highly toxic metals, and tried to propose a simple and reproducible determination method of trace cadmium in spring water.Coprecipitation with metal hydroxides has been widely used for the concentration of trace metal ions in water, associated with various determination techniques.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However, a method using zirconium hydroxide 2 requires heating to dissolve the coprecipitant, and the use of tin(IV) hydroxide 3 makes it necessary to be allowed to stand the final solution overnight to remove the tin carrier. The use of iron(III) tetramethylenedithiocarbamate requires a long digestion of the precipitate in order to simplify the sample matrix, 4 or destroying the scum obtained by the flotation technique. 5 Although indium hydroxide 6,7 is an excellent collector, indium itself causes serious background absorption.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Cobalt and Nickel by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Coprecipitation with Scandium Hydroxide

2003

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The coprecipitation method is useful for the concentration of trace metal ions, and has often been combined with graphitefurnace atomic-absorption spectrometry for the determination of the trace metal ions. In a previous paper, 1 we proposed scandium hydroxide as an excellent coprecipitant for some metal ions, such as copper, lead, and cadmium, because of its good collecting ability and ease of dissolution in dilute mineral acids, and demonstrated the determination of a trace amount of copper using graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry combined with the scandium coprecipitation technique. This time, we found that scandium hydroxide is also a good coprecipitant for trace amounts of cobalt and nickel, and that the coprecipitated metal ions can be determined satisfactorily by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, even under the presence of a large amount of scandium. Since scandium hydroxide could be easily dissolved in dilute nitric acid, the final sample volume prepared for the determination could be minimized down to 0.5 cm 3 , and hence the concentration factor of cobalt and nickel reached 400-fold. The method proposed here is simple and reproducible.Until now, a variety of coprecipitants have been proposed for the concentration of both cobalt and nickel prior to the determination by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. 2-9However, a method using zirconium hydroxide 2 requires heating to dissolve the coprecipitant, and the use of tin(IV) hydroxide 3 makes it necessary to be allowed to stand the final solution overnight to remove the tin carrier. The use of iron(III) tetramethylenedithiocarbamate requires a long digestion of the precipitate in order to simplify the sample matrix, 4 or destroying the scum obtained by the flotation technique. 5 Although indium hydroxide 6,7 is an excellent collector, indium itself causes serious background absorption. To eliminate background absorption, therefore, the minimization of the indium amount 6 and the volatilization of indium as bromide during the ashing stage 7 were tried. Although magnesium oxinate 8 is also an effective collector, precipitation should be encouraged by heating when seawater is analyzed. Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) of copper and iron 9 is dissolved only slowly. For the preconcentration of cobalt alone, magnesium 8-quinolinate 10 and nickel 8-quinolinol/1-nitroso-2-naphthol complex 11 have been proposed, giving extremely high concentration factors. In these methods, the coprecipitates are submitted to analysis without dissolution. Also, in the use of disulfide 12 for cobalt collection, the suspension of the coprecipitate is injected directly into a graphite furnace. The use of iron(III) hexamethylenedithiocarbamate 13 for cobalt determination and the use of iron(II) diethyldithiocarbamate 14 and cobalt APDC 15 for nickel determination require a long digestion of the precipitates to simplify the sample matrix. This paper describes the fundamental conditions for the coprecipitation of trace amounts of cobalt ...

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The determination of trace metals in mineral waters

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Determination of Cadmium in River Water by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Internal Standardization-Assisted Rapid Coprecipitation with Lanthanum Phosphate

Determination of Cadmium in River Water by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Internal Standardization-Assisted Rapid Coprecipitation with Lanthanum Phosphate

Determination of Cadmium in Spring Water by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Coprecipitation with Ytterbium Hydroxide

Determination of Cobalt and Nickel by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Coprecipitation with Scandium Hydroxide

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