The detonation velocity-loading density relation for selected explosives and mixtures of explosives

Price, Donna

doi:10.1080/07370658308010819

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…focusing on the potential effects of blast waves caused by different devices). Scientific literature provides information of TNT efficiency for different types of explosives such as ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil) and TATP (Triacetone Triperoxide Peroxyacetone) (Price and Ghee, 2009;Salzano, et al, 2014). Also, a reference study conducted an in-depth analysis of the potential effects of shock waves on equipment in industrial plants providing charts for the estimation of the peak overpressure as a function of distance given an explosive quantity (in kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to protect soft-targets from terrorist attacks

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to protect soft-targets from terrorist attacks

et al. 2019

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“…The second method was developed in the late 1940s by Urizar [4,5] who demonstrated that the detonation velocity of a mixture or formulation can be predicted as the sum of the detonation velocities of its components individual volume fractions. As in the first method, this method does not take into account explosive diameter effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Poly‐Rho Test as a Screening Tool for Explosive Performance

Harry

Uher

Hagelberg

2005

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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A screening test was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory [1] that can be used to decide if a newly synthesized/ formulated explosive might warrant further development. The test consists of firing a rate-stick composed of 12.7 mm diameter by 12.7 mm high pellets of different densities ordered from lowest to highest, initiated by a detonator at the low-density end of the stick. This poly-rho test yields detonation velocities over a range of densities using only the small amount of the explosive typically generated by the synthetic organic chemist at an early stage of the scale-up process. The amount of material required is far less than that required for the typical rate-stick series. This paper presents results on poly-rho tests that were conducted on three explosives commonly used at Los Alamos National Laboratory, namely PBX 9501, PBX 9502 and PETN. The results are compared with empirical detonation-theory predictions and existing explosive experimental data, with good agreement in all cases.

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“…The peak detonation velocity of 8027 ± 27 m·s −1 at a charge density of 1.700 ± 0.003 g·cm −3 was determined in four cylinder expansion tests. All of the measured values are summarized in Table 2, where the available values are compared with the literature data for PETN [26] and the values of ETN and PETN computed using the Explo5 thermochemical code. Both measured and calculated detonation velocities of ETN at high densities are 1% lower than those for PETN.…”

Section: Explosive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)

Künzel¹,

Matyáš²,

Vodochodský³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a low melting, solid, nitrate ester with significant explosive properties. The increased availability of its precursor (erythritol), which is now used as a sweetener, has attracted attention to the possible misuse of ETN as an improvised explosive. However, ETN also has some potential to be used as a component of military explosives or propellants. This article focuses on the properties of melt-cast ETN. The sensitivity of the compound towards impact and friction was tested. The explosive performance was evaluated, based on cylinder expansion tests and detonation velocity measurements. The impact energy and friction force required for 50% probability of initiation was 3.79 J and 47.7 N, respectively. A Gurney velocity value of G = 2771 m·s −1 and a detonation velocity of 8027 m·s −1 at a charge density of 1.700 g·cm −3, were found for the melt-cast material. The sensitivity characteristics of melt-cast ETN does not differ significantly from either literature values or the authors' data measured using the crystalline material. The explosive performance properties were found to be close to those of PETN.

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The detonation velocity-loading density relation for selected explosives and mixtures of explosives

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

A new approach to protect soft-targets from terrorist attacks

A new approach to protect soft-targets from terrorist attacks

The Poly‐Rho Test as a Screening Tool for Explosive Performance

Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)

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