The development and clinical application of microscopic endoscopy for in vivo optical biopsies: Endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy

Zhang, Huahui; Ye, Xuesong

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102826

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Endocytoscopy uses white-light microscopy, integrating a high-performance lens and sensor at the distal end of the endoscope. This approach employs double staining with topical crystal violet and methylene blue to highlight cellular details, allowing endoscopic detection of mucosal abnormalities such as villous atrophy and celiac severity grading [54,55].…”

Section: Endoscopic and Microscopic Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) uses a lowpower laser and intravenous fluorescein contrast, yielding high-resolution images. It can assess intestinal epithelial barrier function, vascular permeability, and inflammation [55][56][57] and endorsed by both the European and American Societies of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy [58,59]. However, its use is limited because of high cost, need for training, and lack of validated normal references and sampling protocols [60].…”

Section: Endoscopic and Microscopic Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status

Bar,

Abdelgani,

Lal

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review Malabsorption and malnutrition are common gastrointestinal manifestations clinicians face, requiring diagnostic workup for effective diagnosis and management of the underlying cause. This review discusses recent advances in diagnostic approaches to malabsorption and maldigestion of macronutrients – lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. We highlight underrecognized causes, available testing modalities, and ongoing diagnostic unmet needs. Recent findings Innovations in the diagnostic landscape are enhancing our understanding of malabsorption syndromes. Stool collection and handling is uncomfortable and commonly avoided. The objective quantification of stool lipids, bile acids, and gut enzymes is therefore underused in the diagnosis and management of common disorders such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid diarrhea, protein-losing enteropathy, and more. We review the recent advancements in spot quantification of stool fat and bile acid content, endoscopic imaging techniques such as endocytoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and optical coherence tomography and the future place in clinical practice. Summary Malabsorption and maldigestion represent significant challenges in clinical nutrition and gastroenterology. Through the integration of advanced diagnostic techniques, clinicians will be better equipped to tailor therapy and monitor treatment response, ultimately improving patient health outcomes. This review underscores the critical role of innovative diagnostic tools in accurately detecting and effectively managing gastrointestinal disorders linked to nutritional status.

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Section: Endoscopic and Microscopic Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endoscopic and Microscopic Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status

Bar,

Abdelgani,

Lal

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Step-index optical fibers are composed of an inner "core" part made of a higher refractive index material surrounded by an outer "cladding" part made of a lower refractive index material. In this structure, the light rays with an incidence 6,[14][15][16] Distal scanning Endocytoscopy 17,18 Confocal (eCLE) [14][15][16] Endoscopic OCT 11,12,19 Resolution (μm) 1 to 3.5 0.5 to 1. Frame rate limit due to scanning scheme…”

Section: Wave Propagation In Optical Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of endomicroscopic imaging with coherent manipulation of light through an ultrathin probe

Lee

Song

et al. 2023

J. Optical Microsystems

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Endomicroscopy is a technique to visualize microscopic structures of internal tissues through tubular instruments that can be inserted through a small cut or an opening in the body. There has been a growing demand for miniaturizing endoscopic instruments while preserving a high resolution to achieve a real-time histopathologic diagnosis. Meanwhile, there has recently been tremendous progress in the coherent manipulation of light in which an optical wave is deterministically manipulated through a linear, disordered medium for optical focusing and imaging. Here, we review recent research efforts in developing new endomicroscopic imaging schemes based on the coherent formulation and manipulation of optical fibers. In contrast to the conventional schemes using optical fibers as incoherent channels for optical power, these approaches provide a route to fully exploiting useful information transmitted through an ultrathin probe, thereby potentially achieving practical endomicroscopic imaging through a submillimeter thick probe.

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“…This method avoids the need to miniaturize the scanning devices, but the achievable resolution and field of view (FOV) are limited by the spacing of the individual fibers and the numbers of fibers within the bundle [7], [8]. To achieve optical diffraction-limited resolution, endoscopebased CLEs use single or two optical fibers to guide a laser beam steered across the tissue by small-sized laser scanners that are integrated into the distal tip of an endoscopic probe, called distal scanning [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MEMS Mirror-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscope with Image Distortion Correction

et al. 2023

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Scanning MEMS mirrors can extend confocal laser microscopy into endoscopic applications, but the practical use of MEMS mirror-based confocal endomicroscopy is hindered partially by various image distortions such as barrel, fan-shaped and nonlinear distortions. In this work, the nonlinear scanning behaviors of an electrothermal MEMS mirror are analyzed and incorporated into an optical scanning model that takes all these three types of distortions into account. The model generates a 2D spatial mapping that can be applied to correct all of the image distortions in one step without a calibration board. To experimentally validate this method, a confocal laser endomicroscope employing a two-axis scanning electrothermal MEMS micromirror is designed and constructed, and confocal fluorescence images of a patterned micro-structure are obtained with the MEMS endomicroscope. The results show that the overall image distortion is reduced by at least one order of magnitude in the length direction.

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The development and clinical application of microscopic endoscopy for in vivo optical biopsies: Endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 138 publications

A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status

A look inside the gut as a clue to nutritional status

Review of endomicroscopic imaging with coherent manipulation of light through an ultrathin probe

A MEMS Mirror-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscope with Image Distortion Correction

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