The Development and Fragmentation of Kuwait's al-Jama'a al-Salafiyya: Purity over Pragmatism

Pall, Zoltan

doi:10.3751/74.1.11

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Salafism emerged in Kuwait in the 1960s with the arrival of several Saudi-trained preachers who began working with the Muslim Brotherhood. By the 1970s, Salafis left the Brotherhood and began forming their own, smaller organizations due to ideological and doctrinal disagreements (Pall 2020).…”

Section: S32 Salafismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooptation in Practice: Measuring Legislative Opposition in an Authoritarian Regime

Tavana¹,

York²

2020

Preprint

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Canonical theories of legislative institutions in authoritarian regimes highlight the role of oppositions in legitimizing non-democratic rule, shaping the autocrat's policy agenda, and extracting concessions. Despite recent advances in understanding how oppositions shape larger, macro-level outcomes, surprisingly little attention has been given to the question of how legislators behave in office and how the regime manages potential opposition. In this paper, we construct a novel dataset of roll call vote records spanning the entirety of Kuwaiti legislative history---more than 150,000 votes over 53 years. We use this to develop a new method for measuring legislative opposition to and cooperation with an authoritarian regime on substantive policy issues. We then test the effectiveness of regime strategies---rents and policy concessions---for coopting potential opposition and examine the circumstances under which these these strategies are used.

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Section: S32 Salafismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooptation in Practice: Measuring Legislative Opposition in an Authoritarian Regime

Tavana¹,

York²

2020

Preprint

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What divides Salafis: how local realities overwrite grand typologies in Cambodia’s Salafi movement

Pall

2022

Cont Islam

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Quintan Wiktorowicz’s typology and other methods of classification developed by other scholars from his approach have been the most popular when studying Salafism. However, such typologies, especially when examining Salafism in non-Middle Eastern and minority contexts, have their shortcomings. The first main problem with current typologies is that they discuss distinct Salafi factions at a specific time and local context, but intend to be universal. However, these factions often tend not to be conceptually different, as in many cases, their participants only behave differently due to different circumstances in different localities. Second, these typologies were devised by scholars who chiefly study the Middle East and distinguish different Salafi groups based on their discourses on issues often relevant only in Middle Eastern contexts. This article tests the applicability of the existing classifications of Salafism by drawing on three ethnographic case studies from Cambodia. In Cambodia, Salafism emerged in a Muslim minority context. With the expansion of its networks, fragmentation occurred within the movement due to disagreements such as how to deal with the Muslim (non-Salafi) other and the non-Muslim majority. The article argues that classifications should be set up based on observing local group dynamics instead of being universal. This is because differences among Salafis, just as in other social movements, mainly arise due to the participants’ interaction with the local realities and issues.

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Salafism as Gramscian informed vanguardism

Ramaioli

2023

Cont Islam

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In this study, I offer a categorization of Salafism based on the concept of vanguardism. Vanguardism suggests how Salafis inhabit the political domain, by posing as the vanguard of a privileged group endowed with a historical mission. Relatedly, I summon the Gramscian concept of “philosophy of praxis.” With this, I intend to reconfigure Wiktorowicz’s classificatory scheme predicated on too stark an opposition between ‘aqīdah (theory) and manhaj (method). The philosophy of praxis accounts for the inherent tension between these two domains. Such tension is manifest in Salafis’ ambiguities, compromises, internal rifts, ideological adjustments, and revisions. Two related Gramscian concepts, historical bloc and modern Prince, bring such considerations more immediately into the political. They highlight, respectively, the political-historical context in which Salafis operate and the political-historical role they play as instances of vanguardism. I then put forth my classificatory scheme in the form of a typology. One axis is represented by the attitude towards the “historical bloc” (pro or anti) and the kind of vanguard posturing that emerges out of it (support, creation, or activation). The other axis is represented by the specific framing of the “Enemy” category on the part of the Salafi vanguard (historical/institutional or essential/identitarian), and the stance they consequently assume towards it (compromise/accommodation or rejection/denunciation). The resulting classification offers six categories (accommodationists, partisans, delayers, agitators, mobilizers, and belligerents). Stressing the fundamental political nature of contemporary Salafism—its vanguardism—they account for its inscription in a specific, modern way of thinking and acting the political.

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The Development and Fragmentation of Kuwait's al-Jama'a al-Salafiyya: Purity over Pragmatism

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Cooptation in Practice: Measuring Legislative Opposition in an Authoritarian Regime

Cooptation in Practice: Measuring Legislative Opposition in an Authoritarian Regime

What divides Salafis: how local realities overwrite grand typologies in Cambodia’s Salafi movement

Salafism as Gramscian informed vanguardism

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