“…Both nurses and nurses with an advanced function deliver SMS interventions (McCorkle et al 2011) and are therefore both expected to be trained; (2) Interventions: (a) studies that evaluated interventions designed to enhance nurses' SMS competencies. Training had to include at least three of the components of self-management as described by Barlow et al (2002): information, drug management, symptom management, management of psychological consequences, life style, social support, communication, or methods such as action planning, coping, decision-making, goal-setting and problem-solving; (b) comprising SMS for chronic illnesses requiring life style changes regardless of the condition, as the core competencies set for SMS may be the same no matter the disease or condition (Duprez et al 2016); (c) any type of training intervention (e.g. courses, lectures, workshops, coaching on-the-job); (3) Outcomes at three levels: trainees' reactions to the training (level 1), changes in trainees' competencies (level 2) or changes in trainees' performance in practice (level 3) concerning SMS; (4) Design: randomized controlled (RCT) trials, quasi-experimental trials, evaluation studies and mixed methods studies were included.…”