The development and survival of three species of coprophagous insect after feeding on the faeces of sheep treated with controlled‐release formulations of ivermectin or albendazole

Kg, Wardhaugh; Holter, Peter; Longstaff, Barry C.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2001.tb10721.x

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…An oral drench of 200 µg IVM kg -1 live weight to sheep prevented emergence of M. vetustissima for the first 4-6 days post-treatment of animals, with 100% survival at day 28 [100], and delayed reproductive development of Lucila cuprina (sheep blowfly) [169-170]. No larvae of M. vetustissima survived in faeces voided up to 39 days post-application of a controlled-release formulation of IVM to sheep [179]. In Malaysia, treatment of cattle with a sustained-release device of IVM (SR bolus formulation 1.72 g of IVM) prevented the establishment of myiases caused by Chrysomya bezzania (Old World screw-worm fly) for at least 102 days post-treatment [180].…”

Section: Ecotoxicity Of Avermectinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Toxicity and Non-Target Effects of Macrocyclic Lactones in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

Lumaret

Errouissi²,

Floate³

et al. 2012

CPB

298

215

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The avermectins, milbemycins and spinosyns are collectively referred to as macrocyclic lactones (MLs) which comprise several classes of chemicals derived from cultures of soil micro-organisms. These compounds are extensively and increasingly used in veterinary medicine and agriculture. Due to their potential effects on non-target organisms, large amounts of information on their impact in the environment has been compiled in recent years, mainly caused by legal requirements related to their marketing authorization or registration. The main objective of this paper is to critically review the present knowledge about the acute and chronic ecotoxicological effects of MLs on organisms, mainly invertebrates, in the terrestrial and aquatic environment. Detailed information is presented on the mode-of-action as well as the ecotoxicity of the most important compounds representing the three groups of MLs. This information, based on more than 360 references, is mainly provided in nine tables, presenting the effects of abamectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, emamectin, moxidectin, and spinosad on individual species of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates as well as plants and algae. Since dung dwelling organisms are particularly important non-targets, as they are exposed via dung from treated animals over their whole life-cycle, the information on the effects of MLs on dung communities is compiled in an additional table. The results of this review clearly demonstrate that regarding environmental impacts many macrocyclic lactones are substances of high concern particularly with larval instars of invertebrates. Recent studies have also shown that susceptibility varies with life cycle stage and impacts can be mitigated by using MLs when these stages are not present. However information on the environmental impact of the MLs is scattered across a wide range of specialised scientific journals with research focusing mainly on ivermectin and to a lesser extent on abamectin doramectin and moxidectin. By comparison, information on compounds such as eprinomectin, emamectin and selamectin is still relatively scarce.

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Section: Ecotoxicity Of Avermectinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Toxicity and Non-Target Effects of Macrocyclic Lactones in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

Lumaret

Errouissi²,

Floate³

et al. 2012

CPB

298

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The presence of ivermectin residues in sheep droppings after oral administration influenced the survival of fly and beetle larvae for less than a week after treatment, but such transient effects were unlikely to have a major impact on insect populations [113]. However, the recent introduction of controlled-release capsules of ivermectin for sheep have modified previous conclusions [116]. The capsule releases a measured amount of ivermectin each day and operates for 100 days.…”

Section: Concentration Stability and Activity Of Anthelmintics In Thmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…No fly larvae and almost no beetle larvae survived in sheep faeces collected up to 39 days after capsule administration. Newly emerged Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) also suffered significant mortality whereas those who survived underwent delayed sexual maturation [116]. Ivermectin residues had no effect on the survival of sexually mature beetles, but reduced the fecundity of O. taurus.…”

Section: Concentration Stability and Activity Of Anthelmintics In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

2002

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-The overall purpose of this paper was to review the major and most recent literature relating the effects of anthelmintics on dung breeding invertebrates and dung degradation. Faecal residues or metabolites of drugs belonging to the benzimidazole and levamisole/morantel groups are relatively harmless to dung fauna, on the contrary to other anthelmintics such as coumaphos, dichlorvos, phenothiazine, piperazine, synthetic pyrethroids, and most macrocyclic lactones which have been shown to be highly toxic for dung beetles (abamectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin), among which moxidectin was the less toxic for dung beetles. To date, the detrimental impact upon non-target organisms has been considered acceptable in eradicating the parasites because of their economic importance to commercial livestock production. The consequences of routine treatments are discussed with consideration of the long-term consequences for cow pat fauna and sustainable pastureland ecology.anthelmintic / residue / dung beetle / Diptera / sustainable parasite control Résumé -Usage des anthelminthiques en élevage et évaluation des risques pour la faune non cible du pâturage. Cet article de synthèse passe en revue les travaux de la littérature les plus récents concernant les effets secondaires des principaux produits vétérinaires utilisés en routine sur la faune coprophage et sur la dégradation des excréments dans les pâturages. Les résidus (ou les métabolites) des groupes du benzimidazole et levamisole/morantel trouvés dans les excréments s'avèrent relativement peu toxiques pour la faune coprophage. Au contraire les anthelminthiques des groupes suivants s'avèrent hautement toxiques: coumaphos, dichlorvos, phénothiazine, pipérazine, pyréthroïdes de synthèse, et la plupart des lactones macrocycliques (abamectine, ivermectine, éprinomectine, doramectine), la moxidectine étant la moins toxique pour la faune coprophage. Jusqu'à présent, cet impact négatif a été considéré comme acceptable par les éleveurs et firmes pharmaceutiques en regard de l'importance économique du contrôle et/ou l'éradication des parasites. Les conséquences des traitements de routine sont discutées en considérant que l'absence de dégradation des bouses constatée 547

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“…Topical application of some VMPs may result in fecal excretion of insecticidal residues for extended periods; e.g., over 16 weeks for doramectin (Floate et al 2008) and over 12 weeks for ivermectin (Floate 1998b). Animals treated with sustained-release devices may excrete insecticidal residues for periods exceeding 100 to 150 d (Errouissi et al 2001;Wardhaugh et al 2001a;Wardhaugh et al 2001b). Furthermore, grooming among animals can result in the transfer of topically applied VMPs.…”

Section: Unwanted Vmp Residues In Control Dungmentioning

confidence: 98%

How to test nontarget effects of veterinary pharmaceutical residues in livestock dung in the field

Jochmann

Blanckenhorn

Bussière

et al. 2011

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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To register veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) as parasiticides on pastured animals, legislation in the European Union requires an environmental risk assessment to test the potential nontarget effects of fecal residues on dung-dwelling organisms. Products with adverse effects in single-species laboratory tests require further, higher-tier testing to assess the extent of these effects on entire communities of dung-dwelling organisms under more realistic field or semifield conditions. Currently, there are no documents specifically written to assist researchers in conducting higher-tier tests or to assist regulators in interpreting the results of such tests in an appropriate context. Here we provide such a document, written by members of the SETAC Advisory Group DOTTS (Dung Organism Toxicity Testing Standardization) with research experience on dung fauna in central and southern Europe, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. This document briefly reviews the organisms that make up the dung community and their role in dung degradation, identifies key considerations in the design and interpretation of experimental studies, and makes recommendations on how to proceed.

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The development and survival of three species of coprophagous insect after feeding on the faeces of sheep treated with controlled‐release formulations of ivermectin or albendazole

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

A Review on the Toxicity and Non-Target Effects of Macrocyclic Lactones in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

A Review on the Toxicity and Non-Target Effects of Macrocyclic Lactones in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

How to test nontarget effects of veterinary pharmaceutical residues in livestock dung in the field

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