The development and testing of PSYCHLOPS Kids: a new child‐centred outcome measure

Abstract

Background There are currently no client generated measures able to capture a child's perspective of the value of generic therapeutic mental health interventions. We have developed a new measure called ‘PSYCHLOPS Kids’. It measures areas of individual importance to the respondent and contains both quantitative and qualitative elements. We aimed to pilot this new outcome measure and determine its psychometric properties. Methods PSYCHLOPS Kids was adapted from the adult PSYCHLOPS questionnaire, a validated and reliable client‐generated measure used in primary care mental health. Development of PSYCHLOPS Kids involved an expert group, pilot testing with dramatherapists followed by psychometric testing with children receiving dramatherapy aged 7–13 years. Results One hundred and thirty‐two children completed pre‐ and postintervention questionnaires. Mean initial PSYCHLOPS Kids scores (scale of 0–12) were 4.98 (SD: 3.42); mean post‐therapy, 3.24 (SD: 3.03); mean effect size of change, 0.51. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used as a comparator instrument completed by parent/carers of 32 children; mean effect size, 0.39. The effect size difference between both instruments was not significant (t = 1.05; p = .30); the PSYCHLOPS Kids Problem domain effect size (mean, 0.68) was significantly greater than for the SDQ (t = 2.06; p = .04). Concurrent validity was demonstrated by strong predictive power of change scores for the self‐assessment of change item in PSYCHLOPS Kids; therapist‐assessment of change was not a significant predictor of change scores. PSYCHLOPS Kids and SDQ change scores were not significantly correlated. Conclusions PSYCHLOPS Kids is the first client generated mental health outcome measure focussing on problems for generic use in children. It has demonstrated moderate responsiveness to change and satisfactory testing for measured aspects of validity and reliability. PSYCHLOPS Kids now requires further validity, reliability and qualitative testing.

Individualised or Standardised Outcome Measures: A Co-habitation?

“…Given the strengths of both types of instruments, is there an argument that they may be complementary? Certainly, both patients and therapists display a preference for the idiographic (Jensen-Doss et al 2018;Ashworth et al 2009;Black 2013;Godfrey et al 2019).…”

Experiences with using an idiographic assessment procedure in primary mental health care services for adolescents

“…Idiographic assessment tools are psychological measurement tools adapted specifically for each individual respondent (Haynes et al, 2009), ensuring client participation and gathering information to assess the success of an intervention (Law, 2006). Idiographic measures for monitoring progress in psychotherapy have been of increasing interest over the last decades (see, for example, Barlow & Nock, 2009;Godfrey et al, 2019;Sales & Alves, 2016;Wolpert et al, 2012).…”

Adolescents’ mental health concerns, reported with an idiographic assessment tool

“…This is especially true with regard to children and adolescents. However, two assessment tools have recently stood out and have received attention: Top Problem Assessment (TPA) [ 32 ] and Psychological Outcome Profiles (PSYCHLOPS) [ 33 ]. Both are empirically validated.…”