The development and use of equipment for the automatic recording of ingestive behaviour in sheep and cattle

Chambers, A. R. M.; Hodgson, J.; Milne, J. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1981.tb01545.x

Cited by 49 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…If tiller length is viewed as a moment arm, the distance and angle perpendicular to the tiller, from the tiller's rooted position to that at severance will increase with sward height and/or tensile strength, implying that displacement and acceleration are important components of biting effort. In support, Chambers et al [16] found that the rate of head acceleration of sheep decreased with increasing sward height. However, these authors did not observe a similar pattern for cattle.…”

Section: Effort Vs Forcementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Chambers et al [16] reported the rate of head acceleration as some 65% greater for sheep than for cattle grazing the same sward. There is little quantification of the effort and associated costs incurred in upholding the tension in the muscles of the neck to maintain the head momentum, although Illius et al [42] comment that it must be considerable.…”

Section: Effort Vs Forcementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The act of severance entails the incisors closing against the dental pad to grip each mouthful of herbage before fracture of plant tissue occurs, although cattle have been observed to grip herbage against the incisors using the tongue [16].…”

Section: Severance Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sward structural resistance and biting effort in grazing ruminants

Griffiths¹,

Gordon²

2003

Anim. Res.

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-Grazing ruminants face complex decisions in searching for and harvesting adequate forage to meet their requirements in the face of heterogeneity in the abundance, nutritive value and distribution of resources. Some of the major decisions which affect the bite mass and therefore, forage intake adjustments in bite depth, bite area and exerted bite force, are made in relation to heterogeneity in sward structure. A number of relationships have been established linking the adjustment of bite mechanics in response to variations in sward height and bulk density on temperate forages for animals of a range of body sizes. However, there is less consistency in the response of the bite mechanics to the greater variations in structural resistance that arise from the vertical and horizontal arrangements of the plant morphological organs of leaf, pseudostem and stem. Furthermore, only limited progress has been made in quantifying the biting forces involved in grazing, the linkages between the plant morphological organs and their effect on bite force and, the interaction with body mass. In this paper, we discuss the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the regulation of bite depth and provide evidence for their acceptance or rejection. We comment on the knowledge gap in understanding biting force mechanisms across animal species of contrasting body mass, and stress the need for differentiation between the concepts of biting force and biting effort.bite / effort / force / ruminants / structure Résumé -Résistance de structure du couvert végétal et effort de prélèvement des bouchées chez les ruminants au pâturage. Face à l'hétérogénéité de la ressource en abondance, en valeur nutritive et en répartition, les ruminants au pâturage doivent prendre des décisions complexes pour rechercher et récolter les fourrages nécessaires à leurs besoins. Certaines de ces décisions affectent la masse de la bouchée et donc, l'ajustement de l'ingestion en terme de profondeur et de surface de la bouchée, ainsi que de force de prélèvement. Ces décisions sont prises en relation avec l'hétérogénéité de la structure du couvert végétal. Nombre de relations ont été mises en évidence liant l'adaptation de la mécanique de la bouchée aux variations de la hauteur et de la densité du couvert végétal de fourrages tempérés pour des animaux de différentes tailles corporelles. En revanche, les grandes variations de résistance des végétaux, qui résultent des arrangements verticaux et horizontaux des organes morphologiques de la plante (feuille, gaine et tige), ont des effets variables sur la mécanique de la bouchée. De plus, seuls des progrès limités ont été accomplis pour quantifier les forces de prélève-ment des bouchées impliquées au pâturage, les liens entre les organes morphologiques de la plante et leurs effets sur les forces de prélèvement, ainsi que l'interaction avec le format des animaux. Dans cet article, nous discutons les différentes hypothèses qui ont été proposées pour expliquer la régulation de la profondeur des bouchées,...

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Section: Effort Vs Forcementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Effort Vs Forcementioning

confidence: 98%

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Sward structural resistance and biting effort in grazing ruminants

Griffiths¹,

Gordon²

2003

Anim. Res.

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“…One way which this technological advancement can help advance an understanding of pastoral livestock-environment interactions is to couple GPS data with 'vibracorders' and digital pedometers in order to infer grazing behaviors of cattle (Castle et al, 1975;Chambers et al, 1981;Ungar et al, 2005). This would reduce the amount of labor required to document behaviors and would increase the accuracy and independence of the data.…”

Section: Efficacy Of the Gps Tracking Methods And Technological Improvmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal space-time dynamics of cattle behavior and mobility among Maasai pastoralists in semi-arid Kenya

Butt

2010

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…Under conditions where animals are able to browse or are grazing on slopes, the use of head position (Stobbs and Cowper, 1972;Chambers <? ( a/., 1981) could lead to errors in estimating grazing and ruminating time and total jaw movements associated with these activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A technique to record automatically some aspects of grazing and ruminating behaviour in sheep

Penning¹

1983

Grass and Forage Science

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The construction of a transducer and the use of a recording system to measure jaw movements of grazing sheep is described. The time spent grazing, ruminating and idling may be measured by this equipment and the data produced automatically processed using a microprocessor which determines each minute whether the animal is grazing, ruminating or idling and also summarizes these data to give total times. The accuracy of this technique in relation to manual observation is discussed.

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The development and use of equipment for the automatic recording of ingestive behaviour in sheep and cattle

Cited by 49 publications

References 8 publications

Sward structural resistance and biting effort in grazing ruminants

Sward structural resistance and biting effort in grazing ruminants

Seasonal space-time dynamics of cattle behavior and mobility among Maasai pastoralists in semi-arid Kenya

A technique to record automatically some aspects of grazing and ruminating behaviour in sheep

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