The Development Formulation of Eleutherine Palmifolia Extract-Loaded Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds) Using D-Optimal Mixture Design Approach

Abstract

Objective: The develop a delivery system for extracting E. palmifolia as a model of medicinal ingredients in SNEDDS using a D-optimal design approach. Methods: D-optimal mixture design optimizes E. palmifolia loaded SNEDDS by selecting SNEDDS composition as an independent factor (X) and characterizing SNEDDS as a response (Y). SNEDDS characterization in the optimal formula includes transmittance, emulsification time, pH, viscosity, particle size, and particle morphology. After obtaining one optimal formula, stability testing compares the initial characteristics (day one) with those of E. palmifolia-loaded SNEDDS. Results: The SNEDDS was after storage for three months, namely day 30, day 60, and day 90. Miglyol 812, Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 were selected as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant phases because they had the highest ability to dissolve E. palmifolia extract. The formula design with the D-optimal mixture design approach formulated E. palmifolia loaded SNEDDS with Miglyol 812, Tween 80, and PEG 400 components at an oil concentration of 2.13%, surfactant 5.81%, and co-surfactant 2.06% with stable characteristics in the storage period of 3 mo. Transmittance results in 96.75-98.74%, emulsification time 19.21-22.77 seconds, pH 6.69–7.71, viscosity 43.97-45.99 (cP), particle size 19.14-22.19 nm, spherical particle morphology. Conclusion: The optimal formula for SNEDDS extract of E. palmifolia using the D-optimal design approach has physical and chemical characteristics that follow the SNEDDS specifications that have been determined.

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Using Lipophilic Extract of Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm

“… 37 For pH determination, the pre-concentrated samples were diluted 1:10 v/v and verified using a pH meter at 25°C (Digimed pHmeter, São Paulo, Brazil). 38 …”