Child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) is a global public health problem. 1 It has diverse and long-lasting adverse effects on all aspects of children's health and development. 2 In the USA alone, it is estimated that 1720 children died from abuse and neglect in 2017, a rate of 2.32 per 100 000 children. 3 During childhood, 8.9% of UK children under 11 years, 21.9% of young people aged 11-17 years and 24.5% of young adults (18-24 years) report having experienced maltreatment at least once. 4 Health professionals, including dental professionals, have an important role in 'child protection': recognition of children at risk of significant harm from maltreatment and referring them to social services (also known as child welfare or children's services). 5,6 Increasingly, a wider role in 'safeguarding and