The Development of a Diagnostic Model for the Deterioration of External Wall Tiles of Aged Buildings in Taiwan

Abstract

This study creates a deterioration diagnostic model for the external wall tiles of aged buildings, using both stage 1 and stage 2 diagnostic methods. The visual test results are categorized based on their impact on public safety, and renovation strategies are proposed. The stage 1 diagnosis mainly adopts the D.E.R. visual inspection the deterioration assessment method. After producing an external wall tile Condition Indicator (CI) for the stage 1 diagnostic results that fall in a gray area, this research performed a stage 2 diagnosis using a tap tone test, followed by a fast Fourier transform and pattern recognition to analyze the tapping results. Finally, this study provides deterioration evaluation criteria for external wall tile replacement recommendations and a standard operating procedure for the deterioration diagnosis. This study also suggest directions for the future amendment of regulations and provide a basis of references for the government in determining urban renewal, renovation and maintenance strategies.

Application of Deep Learning and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on Building Maintenance

“…(4) Spalling. Spalling is characterized by falling off of surface decorative materials (e.g., tiles and coating) due to reduction in adhesive strength, aging of cement mortar and concrete, poor tile quality, high temperature caused by fire, or natural forces (e.g., strong wind and violent shaking during earthquakes) [16][17][18]. (5) Bulging.…”

Study on the Correlation between Humidity and Material Strains in Separable Micro Humidity Sensor Design

“…Moreover, some studies also conducted status surveys and literature compilation, and learned that the impact factors of degradation in tiles of external walls include tile degradation form, degradation range, degradation position, temperature, and humidity [ 25 ]. Another study also pointed out that tiles of external walls will experience different levels of spalling, swelling, or shedding, and other deterioration phenomena according to the wind, rain, sunlight, dew, temperature, humidity, sunshine volume, construction quality, and maintenance quality [ 26 ]. In addition to environmental factors, there is a study exploring the impact of temperature on the strength of adhesives during the binding process; the results show that when coating a layer of adhesive gel after applying the cement and mortar, if the pasting is not carried out immediately, it will be likely to lead to lower binding strength, and temperature has a significant impact on the strength of adhesives [ 27 ].…”

Innovative Strain Sensing for Detection of Exterior Wall Tile Lesion: Smart Skin Sensory System

“…Recently, incidents of ceramic tiles falling from high-rise buildings in Taiwan have become more common, and many cases of injury resulting from such incidents have been reported. According to 2015 statistics, at least 1000 buildings in Taipei have had an incident where tiles fell off [4]. These incidents are caused by buildings aging and tiles gradually degrading due to natural weathering.…”