The development of a new hollow cylinder apparatus for investigating the effects of principal stress rotation in soils

Abstract

In the wall of a hollow cylindrical specimen under combined axial load, torque and internal and external radial pressures, the magnitude and direction of the major and minor principal stresses can be controlled together with the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress. This Paper describes both the design and principles of operation of a new hollow cylinder apparatus and its application to the investigation of principal stress rotation effects in sands and clays. A discussion is presented of the stress and strain nonuniformities which occur in a hollow cylinder specimen as a result of its curvature and of restraint at its ends. The manner in which these non-uniformities have been minimized, by selection of a sample geometry of 203 mm id. x 254 mm o.d. x 254 mm height and by the use of internal instrumentation, is described. The results of tests on dense Ham River sand are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the apparatus.

Experimental investigation on the deformation characteristics of granular materials under drained rotational shear

“…The radius changes were computed from the changes of the volume in the inner chamber and the specimen measured by the two DPVCs. The stresses and strains are calculated following the formulations of Hight et al (1983). The stress ratio η used in this paper was defined as the ratio of deviatoric stress q to effective mean stress pÕ.…”

Linking Carbonate Sand Fabric and Mechanical Anisotropy from Hollow Cylinder Tests: Motivation and Application

“…The intermediate principal stress can also be systematically controlled during the tests. The ability to control α and b allows a systematic study of soil anisotropy due to controlled changes in the orientation of major principal stress and intermediate principal stress magnitude (Hight et al 1983). …”

Testing of Undrained Shear Strength in a Hollow Cylinder Apparatus

“…In practice, it is assumed that the undrained shear strength of cohesive soil has the same value in the entire geotechnical layer [8]. However, the construction of any structure changes the stress state in the subsoil and thereby causes the rotation of principal stress directions in comparison with the initial state formed during the consolidation process [4]. This phenomenon can be presented based on calculations using the finite element method.…”

“…Values of parameter b that allow the no-go regions where the non-uniformity is the greatest to be avoided were proposed, e.g., by Hight et al [4]. Particular attention during the research should be paid to the angle α of about 45° where additional nogo regions were established [10], [11].…”