The Development of a Self-Report Measure of the Process-Reactive Continuum

Variations in Cognitive Control and Psychophysiological Defense in the Schizophrenias

“…With a KFA procedure similar to the one employed by Wertheimer and Jackson, 143 statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (undifferentiated as to length of hospitalization and preillness adjustment); among schizophrenics with paranoid-type diagnoses, stimulus intensity augmentation responses were more common than among nonparanoid schizophrenics. In a subsequent KFA study 111 * a larger and more heterogeneous (as to length of hospitalization) group were classified on the basis of early-term and long-term lengths of hospitalization, on a self-report measure of pre-illness adjustment, 128 and on the paranoidnonparanoid variable. Although trends were found in the predicted directions, not one of the three classification variables differentiated between augmenting responsiveness and was signifitistically significant level of confidence.…”

Schizophrenic performance on the Halstead-Reitan battery

“…Ss who passed this initial screening were included in the final sample only when there was definite evidence to support an official hospital diagnosis of schizophrenic reaction, made by the staff psychiatrist and corroborated by both the ward physician's diagnosis and psychological examination. Those Ss who met these qualifications upon hospital admission were administered the Process-Reaction Inventory (Ullmann & Giovannoni, 1964), a measure of the severity of pathological disorder, and the Stanford Binet Vocabulary Test, a measure of the level of mental ability. These variables were used as matching variables in addition to age and education.…”

Perceptual distraction in schizophrenia

“…Only patients whose clinical files confirmed that they met all the Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-111; American Psychiatric Association, 1980) criteria for schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, and/or thought disorder; deterioration from a previous level of functioning; continuous signs of illness for at least 6 months; onset before age 45; major affective disorder, if present, preceded by non-affective psychosis; symptoms not attributable to organic disorder or mental retardation) were included in the schizophrenic groups. The schizophrenics were split at their median Ullmann-Giovannoni (1964) PR score (10) to form separate groups of process and reactive pa-tients. Because the mean educations and Wechsler Adult Intelligence full scale IQs (as estimated [Watson & Klett, 19731 from the Test of Educational Ability) of the three groups differed (Fs [2, 1071 = 4.06 and 3.65, respectively) subjects were deleted to produce process, reactive, and control samples of 28 subjects each matched for mean age, years of education, estimated IQ, and Snellen eye test scores (Fs [2,81) = .60, 1.75, 3 3 and .20, respectively; overall means = 36.3, 12.1, 101.8, and 37.8).…”