The Development of a Typology of Abusive Coaching Behaviours within Youth Sport

Raakman, Elaine; Dorsch, Kim D.; Rhind, Daniel

doi:10.1260/1747-9541.5.4.503

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A total of 652 cases were recorded in 2011. The data support the argument that abuse in sport can take a range of forms (Raakman et al ., ). The data highlighted that the allegations came from a range of sources and were related to a variety of safeguarding concerns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A Review of Safeguarding Cases in Sport

et al. 2014

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This study represents the first investigation into incidents of safeguarding concern in sport within the UK. Questionnaires were completed by 41 lead welfare officers from national governing bodies. A total of 652 cases were reported by a range of key stakeholders, covering a variety of different forms of abuse. Physical and sexual abuse were found to be the most frequently alleged forms of abuse. The majority of alleged perpetrators and victims were males. The need for a standardised form for collecting case data as part of normal practice is highlighted along with the necessity for training and support to manage safeguarding cases both internally and externally to sport organisations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Messages: A total of 652 safeguarding cases were managed in sport by this sample during 2011. Physical and sexual abuse were the most frequently reported. The majority of victims were boys. There is a need to collect standardised data regarding all cases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Raakman et al . () have outlined that abuse in sport can take a range of forms including sexual, physical, emotional, neglectful and poor practice. There has been a growing body of research into abusive relationships in sport over the past decade.…”

Section: Abuse In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Safeguarding Cases in Sport

et al. 2014

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“…The only large-scale study available is from the UK, which reported a prevalence of psychological abuse of 75%, raising concerns that this may be the most urgent safeguarding concern in youth sport 38 39. Psychologically abusive behaviours described by athletes generally reflect those described by the WHO and the UN Convention on the Rights of Children 35 38 40 41. Athletes report: belittling, humiliating, shouting, scapegoating, rejecting, isolating and threatening behaviours as well as being ignored, or denied attention and support 24 26 38 42 43…”

Section: Forms Of Abuse and Harassment In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: harassment and abuse (non-accidental violence) in sport

et al. 2016

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Despite the well-recognised benefits of sport, there are also negative influences on athlete health, well-being and integrity caused by non-accidental violence through harassment and abuse. All athletes have a right to engage in ‘safe sport’, defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, equitable and free from all forms of non-accidental violence to athletes. Yet, these issues represent a blind spot for many sport organisations through fear of reputational damage, ignorance, silence or collusion. This consensus statement extends the 2007 IOC Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport, presenting additional evidence of several other types of harassment and abuse—psychological, physical and neglect. All ages and types of athletes are susceptible to these problems but science confirms that elite, disabled, child and lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans-sexual (LGBT) athletes are at highest risk, that psychological abuse is at the core of all other forms and that athletes can also be perpetrators. Harassment and abuse arise from prejudices expressed through power differences. Perpetrators use a range of interpersonal mechanisms including contact, non-contact/verbal, cyber-based, negligence, bullying and hazing. Attention is paid to the particular risks facing child athletes, athletes with a disability and LGBT athletes. Impacts on the individual athlete and the organisation are discussed. Sport stakeholders are encouraged to consider the wider social parameters of these issues, including cultures of secrecy and deference that too often facilitate abuse, rather than focusing simply on psychopathological causes. The promotion of safe sport is an urgent task and part of the broader international imperative for good governance in sport. A systematic multiagency approach to prevention is most effective, involving athletes, entourage members, sport managers, medical and therapeutic practitioners, educators and criminal justice agencies. Structural and cultural remedies, as well as practical recommendations, are suggested for sport organisations, athletes, sports medicine and allied disciplines, sport scientists and researchers. The successful prevention and eradication of abuse and harassment against athletes rests on the effectiveness of leadership by the major international and national sport organisations.

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“…Exploitation of power differentials between a performer and coach has frequently been identified in the perpetration of the mistreatment of children (Fasting et al ., 2018; McMahon et al ., 2018; Parent and Demers, 2011; Stafford et al ., 2015). In some instances, the sports coach has been identified as having greater influence over children than other significant adults (Raakman et al ., 2010).…”

Section: Research Context: the Culture Of Child Abuse In Sport – Powementioning

confidence: 99%

The Child Protection in Sport Unit – Supporting National Governing Bodies in Hearing the Voices of Children: An Evaluation of Current Practice

Everley

2020

Child Abuse Review

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Sporting environments provide contexts in which a range of abuses of children has occurred. While there is an increasing awareness of the need to improve child protection in sport, the extent to which listening to children's voices can support this has yet to be explored. This paper reports on research commissioned by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children's Child Protection in Sport Unit to understand the way in which the expression of children's voices is facilitated in sport. Thirty‐four national governing bodies of sport in the UK responded to an electronic questionnaire exploring expression of children's voices in their organisations. Findings indicate that challenges concern: children's perceived lack of interest; confidence in self‐expression; time, resources and logistics; organisational culture and attitudinal change. ‘Good practice’ was identified in: formal structural communications; tailoring contributions to interests and strengths; use of primary research; and sharing ideas remotely. The projected value of listening to children's voices includes understanding children's perspectives and identification of potential concerns. The expression of children's voices is of value to national governing bodies in sport and there is potential for this to prevent elements of abuse in sport. Key Practitioner Messages National governing bodies of sport believe that the expression of children's voices in sport can positively inform child protection practice. Material and cultural limitations can prevent the expression of children's voices. There is potential for an embedded expression of children's voices that could support intervention prior to abuse occurring.

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The Development of a Typology of Abusive Coaching Behaviours within Youth Sport

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

A Review of Safeguarding Cases in Sport

A Review of Safeguarding Cases in Sport

International Olympic Committee consensus statement: harassment and abuse (non-accidental violence) in sport

The Child Protection in Sport Unit – Supporting National Governing Bodies in Hearing the Voices of Children: An Evaluation of Current Practice

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