The development of a walkability index: application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study

Frank, Lawrence D.; Sallis, James F.; Saelens, Brian E.; Leary, Lauren; Cain, Kelli L.; Conway, Terry L.; Hess, Paul M.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058701

Cited by 1,021 publications

(996 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These findings are not surprising, as these particular walkability measures were originally developed as potential correlates of active transport. 24 It was found that low SES areas had higher scores for intersection density and land use mix that are known to be associated with walking for transport. 32,33 Increasing recreational walking may not be feasible in some low SES areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Objective attributes included four components of walkability: residential density, intersection density, land use mix, and net retail area ratio. 24 They were determined for each participant within a 1-km road network buffer from their home using ArcGIS software (ESRI, Redlands, CA). Residential density was calculated as the density of private dwellings in residential parcels within or intercepted by the buffer (number/km 2 ).…”

Section: Outcome Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Relationships Between Environmental Attributes and Recreational Walking Vary According to Area-Level Socioeconomic Status?

et al. 2015

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Residents of areas with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are known to be less physically active during leisure time. Neighborhood walkability has been shown to be related to recreational walking equally in low and high SES areas. This crosssectional study tested whether associations of specific environmental attributes, measured objectively and subjectively, with walking for recreation were moderated by area-level SES. The data of the North West Adelaide Health Study collected in 2007 (n=1500, mean age 57) were used. Self-reported walking frequency was the outcome of the study. Environmental exposure measures included objectively measured walkability components (residential density, intersection density, land use mix, and net retail area ratio) and perceived attributes (access to destinations, neighborhood esthetics, walking infrastructure, traffic/barriers, and crime safety). Participants' suburbs were categorized into low and high SES areas using an indicator of socioeconomic disadvantage. Low SES areas had lower scores in residential density, neighborhood esthetics, walking infrastructure, traffic/barriers, and crime safety. Recreational walking was associated with residential density, access to destinations, esthetics, traffic/barriers, and crime safety. Effect modification was observed for two attributes (out of nine): residential density was associated with walking only in low SES areas, while walking infrastructure was associated with walking only in high SES areas. The associations of neighborhood environmental attributes with recreational walking were largely consistent across SES groups. However, low SES areas were disadvantaged in most perceived environmental attributes related to recreational walking. Improving such attributes in low SES neighborhoods may help close socioeconomic disparities in leisure time physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outcome Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Do Relationships Between Environmental Attributes and Recreational Walking Vary According to Area-Level Socioeconomic Status?

et al. 2015

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“…Subjective Physical Activity Measurements PA was measured using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), 30 a validated self-report measurement tool. 31 The PA dimension assessed was walking for transport (meeting the weekly PA recommendation of ≥150 min/week vs. walking ≤150 min/week).…”

Section: Physical Activity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TransMilenio, a Scalable Bus Rapid Transit System for Promoting Physical Activity

et al. 2016

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Transport systems can play an important role in increasing physical activity (PA). Bogotá has been recognized for its bus rapid transit (BRT) system, TransMilenio (TM). To date, BRTs have been implemented in over 160 cities worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the association between PA and the use of TM among adults in Bogotá. The study consists of a cross-sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2011 with 1000 adults. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In a subsample of 250 adults, PA was objectively measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Analyses were conducted using multilevel logistic regression models. The use of TM was associated with meeting moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). TM users were more likely to complete an average of 922 min a day of MVPA (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, confidence interval [CI] = 95 % 1.4-7.1) and to walk for transportation for ≥150 min per week (OR = 1.5; CI = 95 % 1.1-2.0). The use of TM was associated with 12 or more minutes of MVPA (95 % CI 4.5-19.4, p G 0.0001). Associations between meeting PA recommendations and use of TM did not differ by socioeconomic status (p value = 0.106) or sex (p value = 0.288). The use of TM is a promising strategy for enhancing public health efforts to reduce physical inactivity through walking for transport. Given the expansion of BRTs, these results could inform the development of transport PA programs in low-to high-income countries.

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“…18 An adjusted formula of former research was used: (2×z−connectivity)+(z−population density). 19 Recreational area data were calculated as an index of three factors. First, the amount of green and open space available per person for each community; second, the accessibility of that green and open space, expressed by people living in a span of 400 m of that green and open space; and lastly, the population and building density.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Capacity Building Approach to Increase Sports Participation in Disadvantaged Urban Communities: A Multilevel Analysis

et al. 2014

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Recent evidence showed that community capacity building is one of the key methods to reach health improvements within disadvantaged communities. Physical activity and sports participation are important means to reach health improvements. This study investigates a capacity building method which aims at increasing sports participation in the community, especially for individuals at higher risk of sports deprivation. The main aims of the present study, are the following: (1) to examine differences in sports participation between individuals living in communities implementing a sports-based capacity building program and individuals living in communities without such capacity building program and (2) to investigate if the community sports program reaches the individuals known to experience higher barriers to engage in sports. In Flanders, Belgium, five disadvantaged urban communities implementing the community capacity building program (program communities) and four without (control communities) were selected based on similarity of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics. Two hundred adults (aged 18-56 years) per community were randomly selected and visited at home to fill out a questionnaire on sociodemographics, sports participation, and the community sports program. A sample of 414 adults participated in the study. Results showed that adults from program communities reported on average 96 min/week more participation in sports than their counterparts living in control communities. Furthermore, 61.3 % of the individuals of program communities indicated to engage in sports, whereas in control communities, this was only 42.4 %. Respondents at higher risk of sports deprivation also engaged in significantly more sports participation in program communities than those in control communities. This difference was also noted for groups that are not related with sports deprivation. These results are promising and plead for a community capacity building approach to increase sports participation in disadvantaged communities.

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The development of a walkability index: application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study

Cited by 1,021 publications

References 34 publications

Do Relationships Between Environmental Attributes and Recreational Walking Vary According to Area-Level Socioeconomic Status?

Do Relationships Between Environmental Attributes and Recreational Walking Vary According to Area-Level Socioeconomic Status?

TransMilenio, a Scalable Bus Rapid Transit System for Promoting Physical Activity

A Capacity Building Approach to Increase Sports Participation in Disadvantaged Urban Communities: A Multilevel Analysis

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