The Development of an Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor Based on a Polyaniline‐Multiwalled Carbon Nanocomposite for the Detection of a Chemotherapeutic Agent in Serum Samples from Patients

Abstract

Polyaniline was electrochemically polymerized onto the platinum electrode modified with a mixture of Nafion and multiwalled carbon nanotube (PANI/MWCNT/Nf/Pt) to detect ammonium ion. The nanobiosensor (ASNase/PANI/MWCNT/Nf/Pt) was then prepared by immobilizing L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) on the PANI/MWCNT/Nf nanocomposite. The prepared nanobiosensor was used for the rapid and sensitive detection of serum concentration of the anticancer agent L-asparagine (L-Asp) during chemotherapy. The nanobiosensor has dynamic ranges of zero to 180 μM. The sensitivity of the nanobiosensor was 0.829 μA μM−1 cm−2, and the response time was less than 30 s. The detection limit was 140 nM of L-Asp. The Michaelis–Menten constant ( K m ) was measured to be 36.2 mM. The nanobiosensor was successfully applied for the determination of L-Asp in the blood samples of leukemia patients.

Recent Progress in Nanobiosensors for Precise Detection of Blood Glucose Level

“…For use in medical science and physiology, these supplies and devices are considered to cooperate with structural components of the body, cells, and tissues even at the macromolecular level with high functional properties, to create a level of overlap between biological and technical systems that did not exist before [ 10 ]. The primary purpose of nanobiosensors is to acquire information at the atomic and subatomic scales and turn it into information easily analyzed and measured [ 11 ]. These nanosensors would also be well-defined as a physical or chemical sensor built using nanoscale materials and instruments of minuscule size.…”

“…Nanomaterials increase the surface-to-volume ratio and have advanced detection abilities with high sensitivity and accuracy [ 19 ]. Biosensors-based nanomaterials are used to diagnose the disease, mainly prepared by metals, nanocomposites, carbon nanomaterials, metal oxides, and newly synthesized nanomaterial [ 11 , 12 , 20 – 23 ]. Some nanomaterials paved the way for the emergence of various classes of biosensors [ 24 ], including field effects, electrochemical sensors [ 25 ], and spectroscopy, for the quick analysis of cancer and diabetes [ 26 ].…”

Advanced Theranostic Strategies for Viral Hepatitis Using Carbon Nanostructures

“…Recently, biosensors have been used for biological work. Biosensors have various detection mechanisms, including acoustic, magnetic, selective, thermal, optical, and electrochemical [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Single-layer graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb structure by sp2 hybridization [ 26 ].…”

The Pivotal Role of Quantum Dots-Based Biomarkers Integrated with Ultra-Sensitive Probes for Multiplex Detection of Human Viral Infections

“…Nanobiosensors are devices for measuring a biochemical or biological reaction using electronic, optical, magnetic, or data-gathering technology through a probe, and they possess several advantages, including fast response, high accuracy, achievable process, miniaturization, and high sensitivity, thus making detection very effective [ 3 , 4 ]. Hence, there are fewer detection limitations with nanotubes, nanowires, nanomembranes, or nanotextured surfaces [ 5 , 6 ]. The importance of these devices is evident in diagnosing diseases and human health.…”