“…The simplest inchworm device consists of two clampers at its ends and one extensor in the middle. Examples of how the inchworm paradigm has been applied to in-pipe robot movement were provided by Anthierens, Ciftci, and Betemps (1999), Bertetto and Ruggiu (2001), Choi, Jung, and Kim (2004), Menciassi, Park, Lee, Gorini, Dario, et al (2002), and Takahashi, Hayashi, Iwatsuki, Suzumori, and Ohki (1994).…”