The development of attachment: Integrating genes, brain, behavior, and environment

Esposito, Gianluca; Setoh, Peipei; Shinohara, Kazuyuki; Bornstein, Marc H.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.025

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These findings suggest that the environment -early caregiving experience -may be able to compensate for the profile of less adaptive social traits and characteristics that have previously been associated with non-G carriers of rs53576. Overall, these findings also strongly suggest the importance of applying a genetics perspective to examining other-race face recognition given the significant gene-environment interaction discovered in the present study 41 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Gene-environment interactions in other-race face recognition: Early caregiving experience and oxytocin receptor genotype interact to increase speed of other-race categorization

Mjy¹,

Setoh²,

Bizzego³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The other-race face recognition deficit is a robust finding in the literature on facial processing in humans. Although previous models of the other-race effect have proposed the role of experience and interracial contact, genetics have not been examined in the context of other-race face recognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene-environment interaction between early caregiving experience and oxytocin receptor gene genotypes with other-race face recognition in adults. Eighty-nineSingaporean adults gave information on their early caregiving experiences with own- and other-race caregivers and genotyping of their oxytocin receptor gene (rs53576) was also conducted. Participants completed a visual categorization task where they identified the race of a face (Chinese or Javanese) and their categorization response time was measured. A significant main effect of early caregiving experience was found where reaction time was significantly slower in individuals with no other-racecaregiving experience than individuals with other-race caregiving experience. In addition, only non-G carriers of rs53576 without other-race caregiving experience had a significantly slower reaction time compared to non-G carriers with other-race caregivers. This was not observed in G carriers, indicating a gene-environment interaction. These results highlight the role of early interracial contact on other-race face recognition and its interaction with genetics. Future studies can employ a longitudinaldesign for further insight into this gene-environment interaction across development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Gene-environment interactions in other-race face recognition: Early caregiving experience and oxytocin receptor genotype interact to increase speed of other-race categorization

Mjy¹,

Setoh²,

Bizzego³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Parental care in this case refers to the sensitivity with which parents attend to their child's needs (emotional, physical, psychological), while parental over-protection here refers to the excessive restrictions (emotional, physical, psychological) imposed on the child. Generally, the literature points towards higher care and lower over-protection as an ideal parental pattern 12 , since parental care helps individuals to be empathetic in social interactions, while parental over-protection, perceived as control, reduces the possibility to develop a more adaptive way to regulate emotions and explore different social contexts 13 . Therefore, it is likely that perceiving positive parenting features, like higher levels of warmth, care and sensitivity, will result in more adaptive emotion-regulation skills 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, while attachment dynamics have been profusely explored, little is known about the effect of processes that elapse between childhood and early adulthood, in the manifestation of dynamics in adult relationships. For these reasons, it is necessary to investigate factors belonging to both nature and nurture in order to provide a global representation of the dynamics of social development 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalled parental bonding interacts with oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism in modulating anxiety and avoidance in adult relationships

Cataldo

Bonassi

Lepri

et al. 2020

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ABSTRACTEarly interactions with parents affect subsequent social experience throughout the course of a lifetime, as a repeated and prolonged perception of different levels of care, independence or control influences the modulation of emotional regulatory processes. As many factors play a role in shaping the expectations and features of social interaction, in this study we consider the influence of reported parental bonding and allelic variation of oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (rs53576) over relationship levels of experienced anxiety and avoidance in 309 young adults belonging to two different cultural contexts, namely Italy and Singapore. Results highlight a major effect of maternal characteristics, care and overprotection, with differences between the two cultural groups. Additionally, the interaction between rs53576 and maternal overprotection suggest different environmental susceptibility in the Italian sample and the Singaporean one. Implication in clinical work and future steps are described in the conclusion.

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“…A hypothesis of anthropological evolution implies (18): During evolutionary progression of the hominid to the homo sapiens, larger social groups have acquired vital developmental advantages. To facilitate and process complex social information, a larger brain volume was necessary.…”

Section: Hypothetical Advantages Of Attachment Respectively Of Eusocimentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychobiology of Attachment and Trauma—Some General Remarks From a Clinical Perspective

2019

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Attachment refers to a psychobiological principle that is deeply rooted in evolutionary development; it is thought to contribute a major advantage in the survival of the social group. Within individual development it indicates a primary motivational system that guides the initial transactions between mother and baby and furthermore mediates affective attunement and regulation. Psychosocial learning, in close interaction with genetics and epigenetics, also develops a decisive foundation for further brain development of the infant. Finally, the attachment pattern established forms an enduring, relational context for later affective, cognitive, and social development of the child. As an unconsciously active matrix for future personal relationships it has a particular impact on the comprehensive psychological functions of empathy and mentalization. Early adverse and traumatic experiences or major emotional neglect may lead to different levels of security versus insecurity or disorientation-disorganization of the attachment pattern that corresponds to characteristic features of neurobiological regulation.

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The development of attachment: Integrating genes, brain, behavior, and environment

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Gene-environment interactions in other-race face recognition: Early caregiving experience and oxytocin receptor genotype interact to increase speed of other-race categorization

Gene-environment interactions in other-race face recognition: Early caregiving experience and oxytocin receptor genotype interact to increase speed of other-race categorization

Recalled parental bonding interacts with oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism in modulating anxiety and avoidance in adult relationships

Psychobiology of Attachment and Trauma—Some General Remarks From a Clinical Perspective

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