“…The subject decides to orient attention toward a particular stimulus because of its importance according to the subject's goals, for example, looking for the sign indicating where the circus is. Even though some developmental studies have shown that children as young as 6 years of age are able to use expectations to endogenously orient their attention (Brodeur & Enns, 1997;Goldberg, Maurer, & Lewis, 2001;Schul, Townsend, & Stiles, 2003;Wainwright & Bryson, 2002, 2005, it is possible that endogenous orienting is not fully developed in these children. Indeed, endogenous orienting of attention may not be a unique construct, and the ability to orient attention in relation to expectations (i.e., toward expected stimuli) may be dissociated from the ability to endogenously inhibit the capture of attention by irrelevant stimuli (de Fockert, Rees, Frith, & Lavie, 2004;Michael, Garcia, Fernandez, Sellal, & Boucart, 2006).…”