The development of behaviour: trends since Tinbergen (1963)

Hogan, Jerry A.; Bolhuis, Johan J.

doi:10.1163/157075605774840914

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…However, even in mammals and birds for which early experience clearly is important, the timing of sensitive periods can vary as a function of experience. In addition, the behaviour that is affected by experiences during a sensitive period may only be expressed at certain ages later in life, and the effects of early experience may be consolidated or overruled by later experiences (Bateson,1979; Immelman et al , 1991; Hogan & Bolhuis, 2005; Leitner & Catchpole, 2007). As a result, we need to be cautious when assuming that individual differences in personality traits established early in life are necessarily stable thereafter.…”

Section: Further Questions About Personality Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of animal personality: relevance, concepts and perspectives

Stamps¹,

Groothuis²

2010

Biological Reviews

786

660

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Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and its ecological and evolutionary significance, but have mostly ignored questions about its development, although an understanding of the latter is highly relevant to these other questions. One possible reason for this neglect is confusion about many of the concepts and terms that are necessary to study the development of animal personality. Here, we provide a framework for studying personality development that focuses on the properties of animal personality, and considers how and why these properties may change over time. We specifically focus on three dimensions of personality: (1) contextual generality at a given age or time, (2) temporal consistency in behavioural traits and in relationships between traits, and (3) the effects of genes and experience on the development of personality at a given age or life stage. We advocate using a new approach, contextual reaction norms, to study the contextual generality of personality traits at the level of groups, individuals and genotypes, show how concepts and terms borrowed from the literature on personality development in humans can be used to study temporal changes in personality at the level of groups and individuals, and demonstrate how classical developmental reaction norms can provide insights into the ways that genes and experiential factors interact across ontogeny to affect the expression of personality traits. In addition, we discuss how correlations between the effects of genes and experience on personality development can arise as a function of individuals' control over their own environment, via niche-picking or niche-construction. Using this framework, we discuss several widely held assumptions about animal personality development that still await validation, identify neglected methodological issues, and describe a number of promising new avenues for future research.

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Section: Further Questions About Personality Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of animal personality: relevance, concepts and perspectives

Stamps¹,

Groothuis²

2010

Biological Reviews

786

660

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“…In some species, there may be a sensitive time period during which most learning about a particular biologically important process occurs (Hogan & Bolhuis 2005). The classic example is filial imprinting in precocial birds (Lorenz 1970).…”

Section: 2 L E a R N I N Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and conservation behavior: an introduction and overview

Schakner¹,

Blumstein²

2016

Conservation Behavior

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“…Ethologists have long differentiated between stimulus–response relationships that specify the immediate effects of external stimuli on behaviour (e.g. ‘releasing mechanisms’) versus the effects of experiences in the past on the development of behaviour (Tinbergen, ; Hogan, ; Hogan & Bolhuis, ). Similarly, psychologists have for many years distinguished between the immediate effects of stimuli on behaviour (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in behavioural plasticities

2015

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Interest in individual differences in animal behavioural plasticities has surged in recent years, but research in this area has been hampered by semantic confusion as different investigators use the same terms (e.g. plasticity, flexibility, responsiveness) to refer to different phenomena. The first goal of this review is to suggest a framework for categorizing the many different types of behavioural plasticities, describe examples of each, and indicate why using reversibility as a criterion for categorizing behavioural plasticities is problematic. This framework is then used to address a number of timely questions about individual differences in behavioural plasticities. One set of questions concerns the experimental designs that can be used to study individual differences in various types of behavioural plasticities. Although within-individual designs are the default option for empirical studies of many types of behavioural plasticities, in some situations (e.g. when experience at an early age affects the behaviour expressed at subsequent ages), 'replicate individual' designs can provide useful insights into individual differences in behavioural plasticities. To date, researchers using within-individual and replicate individual designs have documented individual differences in all of the major categories of behavioural plasticities described herein. Another important question is whether and how different types of behavioural plasticities are related to one another. Currently there is empirical evidence that many behavioural plasticities [e.g. contextual plasticity, learning rates, IIV (intra-individual variability), endogenous plasticities, ontogenetic plasticities) can themselves vary as a function of experiences earlier in life, that is, many types of behavioural plasticity are themselves developmentally plastic. These findings support the assumption that differences among individuals in prior experiences may contribute to individual differences in behavioural plasticities observed at a given age. Several authors have predicted correlations across individuals between different types of behavioural plasticities, i.e. that some individuals will be generally more plastic than others. However, empirical support for most of these predictions, including indirect evidence from studies of relationships between personality traits and plasticities, is currently sparse and equivocal. The final section of this review suggests how an appreciation of the similarities and differences between different types of behavioural plasticities may help theoreticians formulate testable models to explain the evolution of individual differences in behavioural plasticities and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of individual differences in behavioural plasticities.

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The development of behaviour: trends since Tinbergen (1963)

Cited by 13 publications

References 85 publications

The development of animal personality: relevance, concepts and perspectives

The development of animal personality: relevance, concepts and perspectives

Learning and conservation behavior: an introduction and overview

Individual differences in behavioural plasticities

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