The Development of Circadian Rhythms in a Human Infant

McGraw, Kate; Hoffmann, Robert; Harker, Christopher; Herman, John H.

doi:10.1093/sleep/22.3.303

Cited by 119 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…[11][12][13] Depending on the child being evaluated, this rhythmicity can appear between the 8 th and 20 th week of life, 10,14 and this was also found in the present study. Although most of the infants in our study presented an established cortisol circadian rhythm, two presented the beginning of this synchronization and two other infants did not present circadian rhythmicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Salivary cortisol as an indicator of adrenocortical function in healthy infants, using massage therapy

et al. 2005

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE INTRODUCTIONThe practice of massage is a very ancient activity that spread out from the Orient.1 Over recent years, it has been presented in the West as an alternative therapeutic method that gives rise to certain proposed effects. Among the uses that have been put forward, there has been increasing development of techniques for its use on babies. One of the most widely-used of these massage techniques in the hospital environment in Brazil is Shantala, 2 which was brought from India by the French doctor Frédérick Leboyer. 1 Shantala massage is one of the oldest and most traditional therapies, especially in the Kerala region of southern India, where it first became widely used among the population. Initially, it was used by monks in monasteries, and subsequently it grew into a tradition that was transmitted naturally and progressively from mother to daughters, when they first became pregnant. In the 1960s, while visiting India, Leboyer observed a young woman serenely concentrating on massaging her baby while sitting on the floor with the child over her legs. 1 According to Mathai, the use of massage therapy on preterm and full-term babies was associated with weight gain and superior behavioral maturation using Brazelton's scale. 3,4 Although the effects of massage therapy on psychological maturation are not well known, the autonomous nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis are the mediators of its effects. [4][5][6] Assessing stress hormone levels (salivary cortisol) and/or neuropeptide pain levels (substance P) during stressful medical procedures could provide additional measurement of the effects of massage therapy as an adjunct to the standard management of seriously ill patients. 7 OBJECTIVEWith the possibility in mind that tactilekinesthetic stimulation could be used to diminish distress among hospitalized infants (e.g. in pediatric intensive care units), we evaluated the levels of salivary cortisol before and after Shantala massage therapy on healthy infants. Through this, we aimed to obtain information that could contribute towards understanding the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in relation to traumatic stress. PATIENTS AND METHODSThe effects of Shantala massage therapy on salivary cortisol levels were ascertained for 11 infants (4 females and 7 males), aged 4 to 6 months (median age: 5 months) who were regularly enrolled in a public nursery, in São Paulo, Brazil. The Ethics Committee of the university approved the protocol and the parents gave written consent for their child's participation (Protocol no. 033-01; Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de São Paulo -Escola Paulista de Medicina).Saliva samples were obtained at three times during a single day: between 8:00 and 9:00 a.m. and between 4:00 and 5:00 p.m. at the nursery, and between 9:00 and 10:00 p.m. at home. This was done on the day before the first massage session and after it. Saliva was collected (one hour prior to the massage), with due regard for the meal time...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Salivary cortisol as an indicator of adrenocortical function in healthy infants, using massage therapy

et al. 2005

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“…As occurs with other systems, the CS matures during ontogeny and exhibits a progressive loss of functionality associated with aging (McGraw et al 1999;Turek et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Newborn rhythms show an ultradian pattern (with a period of around 2-4 h), which seems to be the result of the expression of an uncoupled multioscillatory CS, which would be coupling by synaptogenesis to reach the circadian oscillation before the 6 months of age emerging as CS matures (McGraw et al 1999;Weinert 2005;Zornoza-Moreno et al 2011). During the adulthood, CS is mature, but gender differences appear during this period related to chronotype (Adan and Natale 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny and aging of the distal skin temperature rhythm in humans

Batinga

Martínez-Nicolás

Zornoza-Moreno

et al. 2015

AGE

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In circadian terms, human ontogeny is characterized by the emergence of a daily pattern, from a previous ultradian pattern, for most variables during the first 6 months of life. Circadian aging in humans is characterized by a phase advance, accompanied by rhythm fragmentation and flattening. Despite an expanding body of literature focused on distal skin temperature, little information is available about the ontogeny and practically nothing about age-related changes in this rhythm. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the degree of maturation and aging of the circadian pattern of distal skin temperature to identify those parameters that are modified throughout life and could be used to differentiate subjects according to their age. For this, distal skin temperature was measured in 197 volunteers (55 % women), including babies aged 15 days (30 subjects), 1 month (28 subjects), 3 months (31 subjects), and 6 months (10 subjects); young adults aged 19 years (37 subjects); middle-aged persons aged 46 years (27 subjects); older people aged 72 (34 subjects). Circadian system maturation was associated with an increase in amplitude and a reduction in skin temperature during sleep. During adulthood, women showed a more robust pattern (lower fragmentation, and higher night-time temperature, amplitude, circadian function index, and first harmonic relative power); however, these differences were lost with aging, a period of life that was consistently associated with a phase advance of the rhythm. In summary, distal skin temperature pattern can be used as a robust variable to discern between different ages throughout the life.

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“…39,40,[42][43][44] Hay evidencia de que, entre la semana 28 y la 32 de edad gestacional, la iluminación cíclica tiene consecuencias clínicas positivas en el neonato, pero hay pocos datos del efecto del ritmo circadiano en las funciones fisiológicas, en su crecimiento y en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central. 40,42,[45][46][47][48][49][50] Aún no hay consenso sobre cómo introducir en la práctica ciclos circadianos con iluminación artificial ni hay un protocolo de implementación respecto a la duración de ciclos y niveles máximos/mínimos de iluminación.…”

Section: La Luz Como Reguladora Del Ciclo Circadiano Del Neonatounclassified

Iluminación en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales: actualización y recomendaciones

Rodríguez

Pattini

2016

Arch Argent Pediat

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The Development of Circadian Rhythms in a Human Infant

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Salivary cortisol as an indicator of adrenocortical function in healthy infants, using massage therapy

Salivary cortisol as an indicator of adrenocortical function in healthy infants, using massage therapy

Ontogeny and aging of the distal skin temperature rhythm in humans

Iluminación en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales: actualización y recomendaciones

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