The Development of Citizens’ Identification with Europe from Maastricht to the Crisis

Bergbauer, Stephanie

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67708-8_4

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is expected that citizens who are better off economically, due to their position within the social stratification system, should be more likely to have a positive view of the EU and to develop a sense of identification as Europeans. The empirical evidence so far supports this idea of a spill -over effect, with higher educated more often seeing themselves (also) as Europeans than medium or lower educated (Bergbauer 2018;Borz et al 2018;Fernández -Eigmüller 2018;Fligstein 2008;Kuhn 2015;Luhmann 2017;Polyakova -Fligstein 2016;van Mol et al 2015). Similarly, unemployed are in tendency more seldomly identify (also) as Europeans than employed (Fernández -Eigmüller 2018).…”

Section: State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Similarly, unemployed are in tendency more seldomly identify (also) as Europeans than employed (Fernández -Eigmüller 2018). 4 There is also a clear divide between those working in white -collar leadership positions in service -oriented industries, and those employed in the industrial sector, whereas the latter are less likely to identify as Europeans (Bergbauer 2018;Fernández -Eigmüller 2018;Fligstein 2008;Kuhn 2015;Polyakova -Fligstein 2016;Verhaegen et al 2014). In addition, those who consider the economic situation of their household to be favourable are also more likely to identify themselves as Europeans (Pötzschke -Braun 2019;Verhaegen et al 2014), just as those who assume that they personally benefit economically from the EU (Borz et al 2018;Verhaegen et al 2014).…”

Section: State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using European identity is not only a widespread and theoretically well -discussed concept for measuring European social integration in research nowadays (e.g. Bergbauer 2018;Fernández -Eigmüller 2018). There are also numerous links to other concepts of European social integration as it correlates with trust in other EU citizens (Westle -Kleiner 2016), transnational solidarity (Ciornei -Recchi 2017;Verhaegen 2017), or positive attitudes towards European system integration (Hooghe -Marks 2004;Immerfall et al 2010).…”

Section: (Nationality) Only 2 (Nationality) and European 3 European A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Regional Economic Foundations of European Identity

Kley

2024

Politics in Central Europe

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The question of whether there is increasing social integration among EU citizens in Europe as a spill ‑over effect of the ongoing process of system integration, as expected by utilitarian perspectives on integration, has been discussed in many contri‑ butions so far. In particular, the question of how the economic strength and develop‑ ment of macro ‑units affects European social integration has gained new momentum after the 2004 enlargement, when economically weaker ECE countries became part of the EU. In this contribution, I focus on the impact of regional economic strength and development on European social integration. I analyse the relationship between the economic situation and development of NUTS‑1 regions and individual European identity using Eurobarometer data for the years 2004, 2010 and 2015. Using descrip‑ tive and multivariate quantitative approaches, I show that regional economic strength is weakly correlated with European identity, although not significant in multivariate models. However, citizens who believe that the EU is an economic advantage are more likely to identify as Europeans and are more prevalent in regions with higher economic growth. I conclude that convincing citizens of the economic benefits of EU membership could result in increased European social integration in the long run.

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Section: State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Nationality) Only 2 (Nationality) and European 3 European A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Regional Economic Foundations of European Identity

Kley

2024

Politics in Central Europe

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“…One of the main findings remains that national identification is stronger than identification with Europe and that European identification does not seem to change significantly over time (Duchesne and Frognier 1995;Westle and Graf Buchheim 2016). Regarding aggregated attachment to Europe over time, from 1970 to 2007 there is no indicator for attachment to Europe moving up (Isernia et al 2012) and even from 2008 to 2013, after the financial crisis, there are only marginal changes in attachment to the EU (Bergbauer 2017). Overall, attachment to Europe seems to neither increase nor decrease significantly over time.…”

Section: Forms Of National and European Identity In Europementioning

confidence: 98%

Forms of National and European Identity: A Research Note Reviewing Literature of Cross-National Studies

König

2023

Nationalities Papers

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In the past decades, numerous publications have been addressing questions of national and European Identity on the micro level. Only few shed light on the contents that constitute these identities in the minds of Europeans. As different meanings of national and European identity are connected to different consequences such as hostile attitudes toward immigrants or Euroskepticism, reviewing attempts to measure these contents in existing cross-national surveys seems to be promising. This research note summarizes relevant literature on whether and which different forms of national and European identity have been found empirically, which specific contents constitute them, and which determinants and consequences of them are relevant. By comparing articles relying on cross-national survey data since 1995, it will be shown that the field of forms of national and European identity involves different operationalizations and numerous methodological concerns. This leads to considerations for further research in the field.

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“…Firstly, while institutional(ised) cooperation remains a key dimension of mutually beneficial exchange and European integration, it rarely includes interpersonal exchange and contact on the individual level of regular citizens. Secondly, while such individual cross-border contact and mobility have proven to be decisive factors for European identification, they often remain limited to groups of higher formal education and socio-economic status, 3 exemplified by the Erasmus program 4,5 or touristic mobility, 6,7 or specific social groups as shown by the Eurovision Song Contest. 8 We propose that sports, and especially football, can serve to fill these gaps in the network of transnational exchange and cooperation, since it complements the institutional(ised), 'official' as well as more 'elitist' individual modes of exchange.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Researching football, identity and cohesion in Europe

Finger

Amann

Biel

et al. 2023

Sports law policy dipl. j.

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Multiple crises are endangering the project of European integration, increasingly threatening social cohesion in Europe. Countering these dangers is necessary for the persistence of the European project. While international cooperation continues, it regularly remains in the sphere of political institutions, and interpersonal contact and exchange across Europe is often reserved for socio-economic elites. This conceptual paper argues that football, as a highly Europeanised mass leisure activity with fandom from socially diverse audiences all over Europe, has a strong potential to supplement existing exchange and cooperation, thus strengthening social cohesion in Europe. Based on a secondary analysis of the existing literature, the central concepts of football, (European) identity, and social cohesion are discussed, and their causalities and potential effects are described. A draft research strategy is outlined to analyse concrete football-based European stimuli, European expressions of fandom, and international practices of exchange. We conclude that football leads to the emergence of European identities among fans by exposing them to Europe and strengthens social cohesion through the establishment of international social relations utilised for reciprocal cooperation and action. Football could further be used as a blueprint for similarly Europeanised cultural phenomena, and the outlined research agenda adjusted accordingly to examine them.

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The Development of Citizens’ Identification with Europe from Maastricht to the Crisis

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

The Regional Economic Foundations of European Identity

The Regional Economic Foundations of European Identity

Forms of National and European Identity: A Research Note Reviewing Literature of Cross-National Studies

Researching football, identity and cohesion in Europe

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