The development of COPD in ulcerative colitis: clinical and instrumental confirmation

Abstract

Objective — to study the degree and frequency of lung damage in patients with UC. Materials and methods: A total of 24 patients with a verified diagnosis of UC were examined, 63.6% of them with left-sided intestinal lesions of moderate severity and 36.4% with total lesions of moderate severity. The age according to WHO was 45.2 + _2.2 years. The control group consisted of 42 people. The study of lung function in 24 patients with UC was carried out using spirography (Spirolab3): the volume of forced expiration was measured in 1 sec. (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow in the middle of 25—75% (FEF25-75), residual volume and ratio (FEV1 \ FVC) and used the CAT-test questionnaire (COPD Assessment Test). To assess the severity of COPD, the GOLD classification (2019) was used. The data were statistically processed using the Statistica 8.0 software. Results. UC with lesions of the left intestine was detected in 63.6% of patients and corresponded to the obstructive type of pulmonary lesion. With total intestinal lesion, UC was found in 36.4%, which corresponded to the restrictive type of lung lesion. In 17 patients with left-sided lesions, the volume of forced expiration in 1 sec. (FEV1- 2.95 l/s ± 0.62), forced vital capacity (FVC-2.68 l/s + _0.8), residual volume (70.1%), forced expiratory volume ratio in 1 sec. and forced vital capacity of the lungs (FEV1 \ FVC — 62.1%) indicates an obstructive type of lung injury. In 7 patients with UC with total lesion, a restrictive type of lung lesion was noted, which is statistically significant (p<0.002). Pathology of the bronchopulmonary system in patients with NUC according to GOLD criteria in 2.8% of patients corresponded to GOLD1, GOLD2 in 70.8% and GOLD3 in 26.4% of patients. Conclusions. In 63.6% of patients with UC, the obstructive type of COPD was established, and 36.4 was the restrictive type. Violation of bronchopulmonary pathology in patients with UC is associated with the level of intestinal damage, the severity and activity of the disease. With left-sided intestinal lesions, a significant decrease in indicators was observed FEV1, FVC, FEV1 / FVC, MEF (p<0.002), which can be explained by a higher likelihood of lung inflammation. Spirometry is a non-invasive, simple, and informative method for early detection of latent lung lesions in patients with UC.