The development of diurnal rhythmicity in fetal suprachiasmatic neurons as demonstrated by Fos immunohistochemistry

Breen, Sibilah; Rees, Sandra; Walker, David W.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00128-5

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Indeed, formation of the SCN in humans (Reppert et al, 1988) as well as SCN innervation by the RHT in primates (Glotzbach et al, 1992;Hao and Rivkees, 1999) are complete by mid-gestation. In addition, mammalian studies of the fetal SCN show circadian rhythms of metabolic and genomic activity (Breen et al, 1996;Constandil et al, 1995;Reppert and Schwartz, 1984). Melatonin receptors have been found in human fetal SCN as well as other areas of the brain (Thomas et al, 2002), yet fetal melatonin rhythms at this stage are provided by the mother (Kennaway et al, 1992;Yellon and Longo, 1988).…”

Section: Development Of Sleep and Circadian Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Circadian rhythms and sleep in children with autism

Glickman

2010

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

149

107

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Section: Development Of Sleep and Circadian Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Circadian rhythms and sleep in children with autism

Glickman

2010

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

149

107

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“…and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in cerebrospinal fluid (reviewed in Seron-Ferre et al, 1993. In these species, fetal SCN neurogenesis and SCN innervation by the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is completed by midgestation (reviewed in SeronFerre et al, 2001) and the fetal SCN shows circadian rhythms of metabolic activity (using the 14 C-labelled 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake) (Reppert and Schwartz, 1984) and of c-FOS (Constandil et al, 1995;Breen et al, 1996). In contrast, in altricial species (pups are very immature at birth), like rats and hamsters, overt circadian rhythms of temperature, behavioral rhythms like locomotor activity, drinking, and the plasma corticosterone rhythm develop postnatally.…”

Section: The Circadian System and Circadian Clocks Throughout Developmentioning

confidence: 98%

Circadian clocks during embryonic and fetal development

Serón-Ferré

Valenzuela

Torres-Farfán

2007

Birth Defects Research Pt C

102

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Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental characteristic of organisms, which helps ensure that vital functions occur in an appropriate and precise temporal sequence and in accordance with cyclic environmental changes. Living beings are endowed with a system of biological clocks that measure time on a 24-hr basis, termed the circadian timing system. In mammals, the system is organized as a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, commanding peripheral clocks located in almost every tissue of the body. At the cell level, interlocking transcription/translation feedback loops of the genes Bmal-1, Clock, Per1-2, and Cry1-2, named clock genes, and their protein products results in circadian oscillation of clock genes and of genes involved in almost every cellular function. During gestation, the conceptus follows a complex and dynamic program by which it is simultaneously fit to develop and live in a circadian environment provided by its mother and to prepare for the very different environment that it will experience after birth. It has been known for a number of years that the mother tells the fetus the time of day and season of the year, and that the fetus uses this information to set the phase of fetal and neonatal circadian rhythms. There is evidence that the maternal rhythm of melatonin is one of the time signals to the fetus. In the last few years, the study of the development of the circadian system has turned to the investigation of the oscillatory expression of clock genes and their possible role in development, and to answering questions on the organization of the fetal circadian system. Emerging evidence shows that clock genes are expressed in the oocyte and during early and late development in embryo/fetal organs in the rat and in a fetal primate. The data available raise the intriguing possibility that the fetal SCN and fetal tissues may be peripheral clocks commanded by separate maternal signals. The rapid methodological and conceptual advances on chronobiology may help to unravel how the developing embryo and fetus faces time in this plastic period of life.

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“…Growth hormone is secreted exclusively during sleep with peak production in SWS during the first third of the night 41. Melatonin passes through the placenta, so that maternally derived melatonin can drive fetal diurnal rhythms 42. As well as influencing the sleep–wake cycle, melatonin has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties,43 and it has been proposed that it can function as a tissue protector as well as having a role in brain development 42 – 46.…”

Section: Sleep and The Endocrine System In Infancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melatonin passes through the placenta, so that maternally derived melatonin can drive fetal diurnal rhythms 42. As well as influencing the sleep–wake cycle, melatonin has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties,43 and it has been proposed that it can function as a tissue protector as well as having a role in brain development 42 – 46. Maturation of the diurnal rhythm of melatonin production takes place from about 2 months, although maturation is delayed in premature infants 46.…”

Section: Sleep and The Endocrine System In Infancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of sleep in infants

Heraghty

Hilliard

Henderson

et al. 2008

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Despite the fact that infants spend more time asleep than awake, an understanding of the importance and effects of sleep on the pathophysiology of illness in infancy is a relatively recent development, and is commonly overlooked in paediatric training. In this review we describe some of the characteristics of sleep in infancy, with particular reference to normal developmental physiology and its relevance to the signs, symptoms and pathophysiology of illness in this age group.

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The development of diurnal rhythmicity in fetal suprachiasmatic neurons as demonstrated by Fos immunohistochemistry

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Circadian rhythms and sleep in children with autism

Circadian rhythms and sleep in children with autism

Circadian clocks during embryonic and fetal development

The physiology of sleep in infants

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