The development of expertise at cracking palm nuts by wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Sapajus libidinosus

Fragaszy, Dorothy M.; Aiempichitkijkarn, Nalina; Eshchar, Yonat; Mangalam, Madhur; Izar, Patrícia; Resende, Briseida Dôgo de; Visalberghi, Elisabetta

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.12.008

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Overall, our first hypothesis was not supported for high-resistance nuts. Success and efficiency were different when monkeys of distinct populations processed similar high-resistance food resources, indicating that other factors such as the range of nut resistance, average hammer weight, raw stone materials available and technique may play a role in the success and efficiency of nut-cracking, as already proposed in other studies [16,33,40]. For low-resistance nuts, however, the hypothesis was partially supported; maybe because those targets are less influenced by hammer size and composition, success is similar even if only lighter and less dense stones are available, although the efficiency can vary widely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ontogeny of nut-cracking with stone tools in capuchins has been studied in captivity and natural conditions [30][31][32][33]. Capuchin monkey proficiency in using stone hammers and anvils varies with age and body mass, with proficiency being achieved between the ages of 2 and 5 yr, depending on the resource exploited [33,34]. In captivity, skills with object manipulation appear at around six months of age, at which time, the immatures have a repertoire of manipulating various objects on different surfaces, with the full repertoire of manipulation reached at 12 months [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nut-cracking success and efficiency in two wild capuchin monkey populations

Falótico,

Macedo,

de Jesus

et al. 2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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Capuchins can employ several strategies to deal with environmental challenges, such as using stone tools to access encapsulated resources. Nut-cracking is customary in several capuchin populations and can be affected by ecological and cultural factors; however, data on success and efficiency are only known for two wild populations. In this work, using camera traps, we assessed palm nut-cracking success and efficiency in two newly studied wild bearded capuchin populations ( Sapajus libidinosus ) and compared them with other sites. We tested the hypothesis that the overall success and efficiency of nut-cracking would be similar between sites when processing similar resources, finding partial support for it. Although using hammerstones of different sizes, capuchins had a similar success frequency. However, efficiency (number of strikes to crack a nut) was different, with one population being more efficient. We also tested whether success and efficiency varied between sexes in adults. We predict adult males would be more successful and efficient when cracking hard nuts. We found no differences between the sexes in one site but found sex differences in the other, although also for the low-resistant nut, which was unexpected. Our data add to the knowledge of capuchin nut-cracking behaviour flexibility, variance and potential cultural traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nut-cracking success and efficiency in two wild capuchin monkey populations

Falótico,

Macedo,

de Jesus

et al. 2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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“…Fruits are generally faster to consume, digest, and deplete, while gaining the same amount of energy from leaves may require more chewing, digestion time, and fermentation (Chapman et al., 2012 ). However, there are resources other than leaves that require handling and processing, including fruits with protective anatomical features, seeds or nuts that require extraction, underground storage organs requiring digging, or termite mounds that require tool use (Chapman et al., 2012 ; Fragaszy et al., 2004 , 2023 ; Jarvey et al., 2018 ; Koops et al., 2013 ; Liu et al., 2009 ; Truppa et al., 2019 ). The Jarman‐Bell principle also posits that the fiber content of food will have a large effect on feeding competition because fiber increases chewing, fermenting, and digestion time, slowing down energy extraction and resource depletion (Bell, 1971 ; Geist, 1974 ; Jarman, 1974 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's about time: Feeding competition costs of sociality are affected more by temporal characteristics than spatial distribution

Ekanayake‐Weber,

Mathew,

Cunha

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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For most herbivorous animals, group‐living appears to incur a high cost by intensifying feeding competition. These costs raise the question of how gregariousness (i.e., the tendency to aggregate) could have evolved to such an extent in taxa such as anthropoid primates and ungulates. When attempting to test the potential benefits and costs, previous foraging models demonstrated that group‐living might be beneficial by lowering variance in intake, but that it reduces overall foraging success. However, these models did not fully account for the fact that gregariousness has multiple experiences and can vary in relation to ecological variables and foraging competition. Here, we present an agent‐based model for testing how ecological variables impact the costs and benefits of gregariousness. In our simulations, primate‐like agents forage on a variable resource landscape while maintaining spatial cohesion with conspecifics to varying degrees. The agents' energy intake rate, daily distance traveled, and variance in energy intake were recorded. Using Morris Elementary Effects sensitivity analysis, we tested the sensitivity of 10 model parameters, of which 2 controlled gregarious behavior and 8 controlled food resources, including multiple aspects of temporal and spatial heterogeneity. We found that, while gregariousness generally increased feeding competition, the costs of gregariousness were much lower when resources were less variable over time (i.e., when calorie extraction was slow and resource renewal was frequent). We also found that maintaining proximity to other agents resulted in lower variance in energy intake when resources were more variable over time. Thus, it appears that the costs and benefits of gregariousness are strongly influenced by the temporal characteristics of food resources, giving insight into the pressures that shaped the evolution of sociality and group living, including in our own lineage.

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“…Os macacos da Fazenda Boa Vista, por exemplo, apresentam maiores desafios no que se refere à aprendizagem dos comportamentos relacionados à quebra de coco (Fragaszy et al, 2023). O maior tempo até a proficiência enfrentado pelos macacos da FBV se relaciona, em partes, com o fato dos frutos quebrados pelos macacos da Boa Vista serem maiores e mais duros do que os encontrados pelos macacos do PET (Ottoni & Mannu, 2001;Resende et al, 2011).…”

Section: ) Modelos Lineares Mistosunclassified

Existe ensino em macacos-prego (>i<Sapajus spp>/i<)? Análise do comportamento do macaco quebrador em eventos de quebra de coco com e sem audiência

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The development of expertise at cracking palm nuts by wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Sapajus libidinosus

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Nut-cracking success and efficiency in two wild capuchin monkey populations

Nut-cracking success and efficiency in two wild capuchin monkey populations

It's about time: Feeding competition costs of sociality are affected more by temporal characteristics than spatial distribution

Existe ensino em macacos-prego (>i<Sapajus spp>/i<)? Análise do comportamento do macaco quebrador em eventos de quebra de coco com e sem audiência

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