The development of global vaccine stockpiles

Yen, Catherine; Hyde, Terri B.; Costa, Alejandro; Fernandez, Katya C.; Tam, John S.; Hugonnet, Stéphane; Huvos, Anne; Duclos, Philippe; Dietz, Vance; Burkholder, Brenton Thomas

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70999-5

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The lack of a profitable market for such products means that pharmaceutical companies lack the incentives to push this work between epidemics. Initiatives such as the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations are attempting to positively disrupt financing models for vaccines against epidemic diseases 66 , and stockpiles of meningococcal vaccine, yellow fever vaccine and oral cholera vaccine are maintained by the International Coordinating Group to minimize potential delays due to limited manufacturing capacity 67 .…”

Section: Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response

Bedford

Farrar²,

Ihekweazu

et al. 2019

Nature

264

204

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With rapidly changing ecology, urbanization, climate change, increased travel and fragile public health systems, epidemics will become more frequent, more complex and harder to prevent and contain. Here we argue that our concept of epidemics must evolve from crisis response during discrete outbreaks to an integrated cycle of preparation, response and recovery. This is an opportunity to combine knowledge and skills from all over the world-especially at-risk and affected communities. Many disciplines need to be integrated, including not only epidemiology but also social sciences, research and development, diplomacy, logistics and crisis management. This requires a new approach to training tomorrow's leaders in epidemic prevention and response.

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Section: Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response

Bedford

Farrar²,

Ihekweazu

et al. 2019

Nature

264

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Currently, the price of this vaccine is $1.85 per dose on the public market worldwide. A WHO OCV stockpile was then created in 2013 to make the vaccine available and affordable in emergency settings [9,10]. These two WHO-prequalified OCVs, Dukoral and Shanchol have been deployed in mass vaccination campaigns across many endemic regions either pre-emptively or reactively; notably in Haiti, Comoros, Indonesia, Uganda, Mozambique, Tanzania, India, Bangladesh, Guinea, South Sudan, Malawi, Thailand, Ethiopia and Nepal [11–21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Cholera Vaccination Delivery Cost in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Analysis Based on Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundUse of the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is a vital short-term strategy to control cholera in endemic areas with poor water and sanitation infrastructure. Identifying, estimating, and categorizing the delivery costs of OCV campaigns are useful in analyzing cost-effectiveness, understanding vaccine affordability, and in planning and decision making by program managers and policy makers.ObjectivesTo review and re-estimate oral cholera vaccination program costs and propose a new standardized categorization that can help in collation, analysis, and comparison of delivery costs across countries.Data sourcesPeer reviewed publications listed in PubMed database, Google Scholar and World Health Organization (WHO) websites and unpublished data from organizations involved in oral cholera vaccination.Study eligibility criteriaThe publications and reports containing oral cholera vaccination delivery costs, conducted in low- and middle-income countries based on World Bank Classification. Limits are humans and publication date before December 31st, 2014.ParticipantsNo participants are involved, only costs are collected.InterventionOral cholera vaccination and cost estimation.Study appraisal and synthesis methodA systematic review was conducted using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cost items were categorized into four main cost groups: vaccination program preparation, vaccine administration, adverse events following immunization and vaccine procurement; the first three groups constituting the vaccine delivery costs. The costs were re-estimated in 2014 US dollars (US$) and in international dollar (I$).ResultsTen studies were identified and included in the analysis. The vaccine delivery costs ranged from US$0.36 to US$ 6.32 (in US$2014) which was equivalent to I$ 0.99 to I$ 16.81 (in I$2014). The vaccine procurement costs ranged from US$ 0.29 to US$ 29.70 (in US$2014), which was equivalent to I$ 0.72 to I$ 78.96 (in I$2014). The delivery costs in routine immunization systems were lowest from US$ 0.36 (in US$2014) equivalent to I$ 0.99 (in I$2014).LimitationsThe reported cost categories are not standardized at collection point and may lead to misclassification. Costs for some OCV campaigns are not available and analysis does not include direct and indirect costs to vaccine recipients.Conclusions and implications of key findingsVaccine delivery cost estimation is needed for budgeting and economic analysis of vaccination programs. The cost categorization methodology presented in this study is helpful in collecting OCV delivery costs in a standardized manner, comparing delivery costs, planning vaccination campaigns and informing decision-making.

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“…One approach to handle these issues would be to stockpile vaccines generated against different virus variants and subtypes with pandemic potential. However, this requires a precise selection of promising candidates and their subsequent testing in preclinical and clinical trials (Yen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roads to advanced vaccines: influenza case study

Riese

Guzmán

2017

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryVaccines represent a cornerstone to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being for all at all ages. However, there are many diseases for which vaccines are not available, are relatively ineffective or need to be adapted periodically. Advances in microbial biotechnology will contribute to overcoming these roadblocks by laying the groundwork for improving and creating new approaches for developing better vaccines, as illustrated here in the case of influenza.

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The development of global vaccine stockpiles

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response

A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response

Oral Cholera Vaccination Delivery Cost in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Analysis Based on Systematic Review

Roads to advanced vaccines: influenza case study

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