The Development of High-Performance Platinum-Ruthenium Catalysts for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction: Gram-Scale Synthesis, Composition, Morphology, and Functional Characteristics

Abstract

To obtain the PtRu/C electrocatalysts, the surfactant-free (wet) synthesis methods have been used. The structural-morphological characteristics and electrochemical behavior of the catalysts have been studied. The possibility of ranging the crystallite size from 1.2 to 4.5 nm using different reducing agents (ethylene glycol, ethanol, and isopropanol) has been shown. The effect of both the particles’ size and the mass fraction of the metal component on the electrochemical surface area (ESA), activity in the methanol electrooxidation reaction (MOR), and tolerance to its intermediate products has been studied. The simple and scalable surfactant-free synthesis method of the highly active PtRu/C electrocatalysts with a different mass fraction of metals, with their tolerance to intermediate products of the oxidation being 2.3 times higher than the commercial analogue, has been first proposed. The authors have succeeded in obtaining the PtRu/C catalysts with the nanoparticles’ size of less than 2 nm, characterized by the ultranarrow size and uniform spatial distributions over the support surface, thus having the ESA of more than 90 m2gPtRu−1.

The PtM/C (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Ru) Electrocatalysts: Their Synthesis, Structure, Activity in the Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Reactions, and Durability

“…To study the electrocatalysts, cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry methods were used in the standard three-electrode cell. The ESA was determined by the charge amount consumed for the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen [73] and CO stripping [74]. The data were extracted from the CV.…”