The Development of High-Quality Multispecies Probiotic Formulations: From Bench to Market

Grumet, Lukas; Tromp, Yorick; Stiegelbauer, Verena

doi:10.3390/nu12082453

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…To this regard, overage amounts of microbes are commonly included by manufacturers in probiotic supplements to guarantee the presence of the labeled dose until the expiration date ( Fenster et al, 2019 ). In addition, probiotic products are often produced in a dried or microencapsulated form to ensure stability of microbes over time ( Fenster et al, 2019 ; Grumet et al, 2020 ). Adequate packing is also crucial to prevent humidification, which can affect cell viability ( Fenster et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on the Compositional Quality of Probiotic Formulations Marketed Worldwide

et al. 2021

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On the worldwide market, a great number of probiotic formulations are available to consumers as drugs, dietary supplements, and functional foods. For exerting their beneficial effects on host health, these preparations should contain a sufficient amount of the indicated living microbes and be pathogen-free to be safe. Therefore, the contained microbial species and their amount until product expiry are required to be accurately reported on the labels. While commercial formulations licensed as drugs are subjected to rigorous quality controls, less stringent regulations are generally applied to preparations categorized as dietary supplements and functional foods. Many reports indicated that the content of several probiotic formulations does not always correspond to the label claims in terms of microbial identification, number of living organisms, and purity, highlighting the requirement for more stringent quality controls by manufacturers. The main focus of this review is to provide an in-depth overview of the microbiological quality of probiotic formulations commercialized worldwide. Many incongruences in the compositional quality of some probiotic formulations available on the worldwide market were highlighted. Even if manufacturers carry at least some of the responsibility for these inconsistencies, studies that analyze probiotic products should be conducted following recommended and up-to-date methodologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on the Compositional Quality of Probiotic Formulations Marketed Worldwide

et al. 2021

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“…The two products are different for composition and manufacturing processes. Variables in the manufacturing process are considered to be critical for the final probiotic product’s efficacy and safety [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Fraction from Lysate of a High Concentration Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Intestinal Fibrosis on CCD-18Co Cells

et al. 2021

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Fibrosis is a severe complication of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current strategies are not fully effective in treating fibrosis; therefore, innovative anti-fibrotic approaches are urgently needed. TGF-β1 plays a central role in the fibrotic process by inducing myofibroblast differentiation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition. Here, we explored the potential anti-fibrotic impact of two high concentration multi-strain probiotic formulations on TGF-β1-activated human intestinal colonic myofibroblast CCD-18Co. Human colonic fibroblast CCD-18Co cells were cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 to develop a fibrotic phenotype. Cell viability and growth were measured using the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test. The collagen-I, α-SMA, and pSmad2/3 expression levels were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Fibrosis markers were also analyzed by immunofluorescence and microscopy. The levels of TGF-β1 in the culture medium were assessed by ELISA. The effects of commercially available probiotic products VSL#3® and Vivomixx® were evaluated as the soluble fraction of bacterial lysates. The results suggested that the soluble fraction of Vivomixx® formulation, but not VSL#3®, was able to antagonize the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β1 on CCD-18Co cells, being able to prevent all of the cellular and molecular parameters that are related to the fibrotic phenotype. The mechanism underlying the observed effect appeared to be associated with inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this study provides the first experimental evidence that Vivomixx® could be considered to be a promising candidate against intestinal fibrosis, being able to antagonize TGF-β1 pro-fibrotic effects. The differences that were observed in our fibrosis model between the two probiotics used could be attributable to the different number of strains in different proportions.

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“…This finding was expected as the product analyses were performed many months before expiry. In fact, as manufacturing, packaging, and some environmental factors are known to affect microbial viability in commercial formulations, manufacturers often include overage amounts of microorganisms to guarantee the stated amount of microbes until product expiry [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Quality and Resistance to an Artificial Gut Environment of Two Probiotic Formulations

Mazzantini

Celandroni

Calvigioni

et al. 2021

Foods

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The quality control of probiotic products is the focus of numerous organizations worldwide. Several studies have highlighted the poor microbiological quality of many commercial probiotic formulations in terms of the identity of the contained microorganisms, viability, and purity, thus precluding the expected health benefits and representing a potential health risk for consumers. In this paper, we analyzed the contents of two probiotic formulations, one composed of an encapsulated mixture of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and one by a lyophilized yeast. The microorganisms contained in the products were quantified and identified using up-to-date methodologies, such as MALDI-TOF MS and metagenomic analysis. Moreover, as acid and bile tolerance is included among the criteria used to select probiotic microorganisms, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of the formulations in conditions mimicking the harsh gastric environment and the intestinal fluids. Our results indicate the high quality of the formulations in terms of the enumeration and identification of the contained organisms, as well as the absence of contaminants. Moreover, both products tolerated the acidic conditions well, with encapsulation providing further protection for the microorganisms. A good tolerance to the simulated artificial intestinal conditions was also evidenced for both preparations.

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The Development of High-Quality Multispecies Probiotic Formulations: From Bench to Market

Cited by 46 publications

References 75 publications

Spotlight on the Compositional Quality of Probiotic Formulations Marketed Worldwide

Spotlight on the Compositional Quality of Probiotic Formulations Marketed Worldwide

Soluble Fraction from Lysate of a High Concentration Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Intestinal Fibrosis on CCD-18Co Cells

Microbiological Quality and Resistance to an Artificial Gut Environment of Two Probiotic Formulations

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