“…Many studies have been conducted on science literacy, such as research on the science literacy profile of science teachers in junior high schools (Jamaluddin et al, 2019), implementation of blended learning using STEM to improve science literacy (Lestari et al, 2021), development of an assessment sheet to measure students' science literacy level (Zahara et al, 2022), making stem-based e-modules to improve science literacy (Oktarina et al, 2023), worksheet application to improve students' science literacy skills (Sahnaz & Kuswandi, 2023). In addition, instrument development using the Rasch model has also been commonly carried out in the field of literacy (Ad'hiya & Laksono, 2018;Bahri et al, 2021;El Masri & Andrich, 2020;Koerber & Osterhaus, 2019;Sadhu & Laksono, 2018;Setyorini et al, 2021;Susongko et al, 2021;Wati et al, 2018;Woudstra et al, 2019). However, no research exists on the modification of the PISA framework using the revised Bloom's taxonomy framework for the development of science literacy assessment tools.…”