The development of humeral head retroversion

Edelson, Gordon

doi:10.1067/mse.2000.106085

Cited by 118 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…18,[38][39][40] Because internal rotation was less in collegiate players, the larger GIRD should only be ascribed to soft tissue changes. 41 As stated previously, the soft tissue adaptation to chronic distractive posterior glenohumeral forces is thought to be a tightened, thickened posterior capsule. 15 However, other authors 9,10 have generalized this adaptation to posterior shoulder tightness, which may include posterior rotator cuff and posterior capsular tightness.…”

Section: Glenohumeral Total Motion Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Rotation and Scapular Position Differences: A Comparison of Collegiate and High School Baseball Players

Thomas

Swanik

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Conditions such as labral and rotator cuff injuries have been linked with decreases in glenohumeral internalrotation and increases in external-rotation motion. Also, decreased glenohumeral internal rotation is strongly associated with scapular dyskinesis.Objective: To compare healthy collegiate and high school baseball players' glenohumeral joint range of motion and scapular position.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Institutional research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-one male National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate (age 5 20.23 6 1.17 years, height 5 186.24 6 5.73 cm, mass 5 92.01 6 7.68 kg) and 21 male high school baseball players (age 5 16.57 6 0.76 years, height 5 180.58 6 6.01 cm, mass 5 79.09 6 11.51 kg).Main Outcome Measure(s): Glenohumeral internal and external rotation and scapular upward rotation were measured with a digital inclinometer. Scapular protraction was measured with a vernier caliper. All variables except scapular upward rotation were calculated as the difference between the dominant and nondominant sides.Results: Collegiate baseball players had more glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit (4.806, P 5 .028) and total motion deficit (5.736, P 5 .009) and less glenohumeral external-rotation gain (3.006, P 5 .028) than high school players. Collegiate baseball players had less scapular upward rotation than high school players at the 906 (4.126, P 5 .015, versus 3.006, P 5 .025) and 1206 (4.006, P 5 .007, versus 3.406, P 5 .005) positions. The scapular protraction difference was greater in collegiate baseball players than in high school players in the hands-on-hips and 906 positions (0.77 cm, P 5 .021, and 1.4 cm, P 5 .001).Conclusions: When comparing high school with collegiate baseball players, these data suggest that glenohumeral internalrotation deficit and scapular position change as the level of competition increases.

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Section: Glenohumeral Total Motion Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Rotation and Scapular Position Differences: A Comparison of Collegiate and High School Baseball Players

Thomas

Swanik

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…12 This retrotorsion largely reduces during the first 8 years of life, with further reduction during adolescence. It could thus be theorized that participation in throwing torsion were calculated for each sports participation group and related to the SDD.…”

Section: Research Report ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 Humeral torsion varies with age, beginning in utero with marked bilateral humeral retrotorsion, and decreases during childhood and adolescence, so that the humerus becomes less retrotorted. 12 Greater dominant-arm retrotorsion has been demonstrated in relatively young males participating in throwing sports such as baseball 23 and European handball. 30 It has been suggested that the unilateral upper limb activity in these sports is associated with the genesis of this side-to-side difference in humeral torsion.…”

Section: Sports Participation and Humeral Torsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Having a greater amount of posterior twist of the proximal humerus, or "retrotorsion," results in more shoulder external rotational range of motion and a corresponding reduction in the amount of shoulder internal rotation. 21, 44 The amount of humeral torsion has been shown to vary within and between individuals by as much as 27°3 0 and 90°, 12,13 respectively, and to be related to throwing activity, age, and ethnicity. 13,30,45 of computed tomography (CT) or radiographic investigation.…”

Section: Sports Participation and Humeral Torsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sports Participation and Humeral Torsion

Whiteley¹,

Ginn²,

Nicholson³

et al. 2009

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…The line that was drawn bisecting the head of humerus was matched to the nearest reading on the Goniometer to achieve the actual retroversion of the head of humerus. This method was illustrated by previous authors [9]. Statistical analysis: Data analysis was done by using SPSS (Statistical package for social science version 20:0) The Quantitative data variables expressed by using descriptive statistics viz Range, Mean, Standard deviation, 95% confidence interval etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%