The Development of Korean Infant Vocal and Articulatory Development List

The evaluation of speech and language is crucial for children with normal hearing (NH) and hearing loss (HL). The aim of this study was to investigate the early communicative skills of children with NH and HL and to compare the performance depending on chronological age (CA) and hearing age (HA). Methods: Four tools, Korean MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (K M-B CDI), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS DP) checklist and behavior sample were used. The data was collected from 50 children, 26 NH and 24 HL from 4 to 56 months of age. The average age of NH and HL groups was between 17-and 19-months-old, respectively. The HA of the HL group was 13-months-old. They were tested every two to three months. The developmental progress was analyzed by CA and HA. Results: With K M-B CDI, when CA and HA were compared for the HL group, the production of expressive language did not show any difference, but the receptive language and action-gesture scores were significantly better in HA at 7-9 months and 19-24 months. With SELSI, both receptive and expressive languages showed significantly better scores in HA (F(1,73) = 0.580, p < .05, F(1,73) = 11.036, p < .05). With CSBS DP, the HA showed significantly better social scores for checklist (F(1,63) = 6.248, p < .05). Conclusion: As the HA of the HL group showed superior performance compared to the corresponding age of the NH group even in the early stage, the effectiveness of HA following fitting of amplification device and the appropriate intervention has been implicated.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Communicative Skills of Children with Normal Hearing and Hearing Loss Depending on Chronological and Hearing Ages

Yun¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

Early Emergence and Development of Protophones in the First Year of Life

Yoo¹,

Oller²,

Ha³

2021

Speech-like vocalizations (i.e., protophones) are precursors to speech. Infants produce various types of protophones (e.g., squeals, vocants and growls), practicing phonatory control before mastering articulation. In order to better understand infant vocal development, it is important to systematically investigate production of protophones from the beginning of life. The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate early emergence of protophones, (2) to measure volubility for both cry and protophones across the first year of life, (3) to explore effects of age and types of vocalizations, and (4) to examine protophone volubility in circumstances where the caregiver did not speak to or in the vicinity of the infant. Methods: 16 typically developing Korean-learning infants participated in all-day LENA (Language Environment Analysis) recordings in their homes as part of a longitudinal study. We categorized infant protophones as either squeals, vocants, growls, or cries based on auditory/acoustic criteria. We calculated average numbers of each type of vocalization and average vocalizations per minute. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), t-test, and ANOVA were conducted to address the research questions. Results: Results showed that even in the first month of life, infants do not merely cry, but instead predominantly produce protophones. Infants also endogenously produced protophones from the beginning of life in the absence of caregiver language input. Conclusion: This study suggests that even in the first month protophones begin to occur, and may form a foundation upon which vocal category development and vocal interaction can proceed rapidly.

Development and Applied Research of Korean-Index of Phonetic Complexity-Revision (K-IPC-R)

Lee,

Han,

Lee

2023

Objectives: In this paper, the Korean-Index of phonetic complexity-revision (K-IPC-R) was revised and supplemented to use the Korean-Index of phonetic complexity (K-IPC; Lee, Han, Shim, 2004) as a phonological evaluation index of the independent analysis method. Methods: Speech samples of 20 typically developing children of 18 to 23 months, 24 to 29 months, and 30 to 35 months of age were collected from each child during spontaneous play. The analizing and scoring criteria of K-IPC-R were devised on the basis of the phonological characteristics found in the speech samples and the results of previous studies related to speech sound development. Results: The K-IPC-R was composed of nine sub-indices: consonant by place class, consonant by manner class, consonant by phonation type, vowel type, shape of syllables, length of syllables, singleton consonants by place variegation, presence of consonant chain, and consonant chain type. The scoring criteria were determined to weight 1 point to velars, fricatives, affricates, liquids, aspirated, diphthongs, closed syllable words, and three or more syllable words. And 1 point is weighted when two or more consonants with different place of articulation are present within a word. Also, 1 point is weighted if a consonant chain appeared and another 1 point is weighted if the place of articulation of the chained consonants are different. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in proposing the K-IPC-R as a phonological evaluation index of an independent analysis method that can evaluate the phonological ability of children at the initial level of phonological development, whose phonological ability is difficult to evaluate with a relational analysis method.