The Development of Models for Assessment of the Geomagnetically Induced Currents Impact on Electric Power Grids during Geomagnetic Storms

Vakhnina, Vera V.; Kuvshinov, Aleksey A.; Шаповалов, В. А.; Chernenko, Aleksey N.; Kretov, Dmitry

doi:10.4316/aece.2015.01007

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The regional power grid blackout in Malmo, Sweden during the 2003 Halloween storm was associated with dB/dt with a peak intensity of 308 nT/min (∼5 nT/s) (Kappenman, 2005). Disturbances of ∼60 nT/min (1 nT/s) have driven GICs of several amperes or larger in the Finnish high‐voltage power system (Viljanen, 1997), and GICs of this intensity are alarming as they can put certain types of transformers out of the linear mode (Vakhnina et al., 2015). Two commonly used thresholds for high‐risk dB/dt are 1.5 nT/s (Pulkkinen et al., 2011, 2013) and 5 nT/s (Molinski, 2002; Molinski et al., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forecasting geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) remains a difficult challenge, and open questions hindering our understanding include when and where GICs become large and what magnetospheric and ionospheric processes are responsible. This paper addresses these questions by determining the auroral drivers of large dB∕dt (>100 nT/min, a proxy for GICs) on the ground during geomagnetic storms. We study auroras because, although the current system driving dB∕dt is at times challenging to reconstruct, the accompanying auroras are routinely measured in high resolution. For various types of auroras, our community has already acquired a deep understanding of the driving mechanisms and spatiotemporal characteristics. Using coordinated observations from THEMIS and Geophysical Institute Magnetometer Array magnetometers and THEMIS all‐sky imagers, we statistically examine large dB∕dt intervals during storms from 2015 to 2016. A variety of auroral drivers have been identified, including poleward expanding auroral bulges, auroral streamers, poleward boundary intensifications, omega bands, pulsating auroras, etc. The onset, spatial variability, and duration of large dB/dt are well explained by those of the auroras. For example, poleward expanding auroral bulges drive large dB/dt that spread progressively poleward, and periodic injections of streamers drive large dB/dt that occur in periodic bursts. By referring to the magnetospheric source of the auroras, the magnetospheric source of large dB/dt can be inferred, whether it be dipolarization of the tail magnetic field, bursty bulk flows, instability, or wave‐particle interaction. Our results suggest that auroras can exert significant leverage on GIC research and forecast.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is no general rule of how large GIC could be harmful, since there are many types of transformers with different sensitivities to GIC (Girgis et al, 2012). For some power transformers, only a few amperes of quasi-DC current are needed to shift the transformer operation from linear regime to nonlinear regime (Vakhnina et al, 2015). Geomagnetic variations with the time derivative of the geomagnetic field dB/dt > 1 nT s À1 were found to be sufficient to induce GIC in Finnish power lines of about several amperes and higher, and variations with dB/dt > 40 nT s À1 caused problems in operation of the Swedish power lines on July 1982 (Viljanen, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive disturbances of the geomagnetic field as a cause of induced currents of electric power lines

Belakhovsky

Pilipenko

Engebretson

et al. 2019

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) represent a signiﬁcant challenge for society on a stable electricity supply. Space weather activates global electromagnetic and plasma processes in the near-Earth environment, however, the highest risk of GICs is related not directly to those processes with enormous energy yield, but too much weaker, but fast, processes. Here we consider several typical examples of such fast processes and their impact on power transmission lines in the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia: interplanetary shocks; traveling convection vortices; impulses embedded in substorms; and irregular Pi3 pulsations. Geomagnetic field variability is examined using data from the IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects) magnetometer array. We have confirmed that during the considered impulsive events the ionospheric currents fluctuate in both the East-West and North-South directions, and they do induce GIC in latitudinally extended electric power line. It is important to reveal the fine structure of fast geomagnetic variations during storms and substorms not only for a practical point of view but also for a fundamental scientific view.

show abstract

“…Variations in geoelectric currents induced in surface layers of the earth's crust are completed through grounded power systems, giving rise to GIC , 2019. In turn, GIC lead to voltage drops, overheating of power transformers, and loss of reactive power in high-voltage PTL [Pirjola, 1985a, b;Uspensky, 2017;Vakhnina et al, 2018]. To date, GIC have become a constant hazard for high-technology societies, posing a grave danger to regional high-voltage electric power networks, many of which cross national boundaries [Gaunt, 2016].…”

Section: Power Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space weather impact on ground-based technological systems

Pilipenko

2021

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review, offered for the first time in the Russian scientific literature, is devoted to various aspects of the problem of the space weather impact on ground-based technological systems. Particular attention is paid to hazards to operation of power transmission lines, railway automation, and pipelines caused by geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) during geomagnetic disturbances. The review provides information on the main characteristics of geomagnetic field variability, on rapid field variations during various space weather mani-festations. The fundamentals of modeling geoelectric field disturbances based on magnetotelluric sounding algorithms are presented. The approaches to the assessment of possible extreme values of GIC are considered. Information about economic effects of space weather and GIC is collected. The current state and prospects of space weather forecasting, risk assessment for technological systems from GIC impact are discussed. While in space geophysics various models for predicting the intensity of magnetic storms and their related geomagnetic disturbances from observations of the interplanetary medium are being actively developed, these models cannot be directly used to predict the intensity and position of GIC since the description of the geomagnetic field variability requires the development of additional models. Revealing the fine structure of fast geomagnetic variations during storms and substorms and their induced GIC bursts appeared to be important not only from a practical point of view, but also for the development of fundamentals of near-Earth space dynamics. Unlike highly specialized papers on geophysical aspects of geomagnetic variations and engineering aspects of the GIC impact on operation of industrial transformers, the review is designed for a wider scientific and technical audience without sacrificing the scientific level of presentation. In other words, the geophysical part of the review is written for engineers, and the engineering part is written for geophysicists. Despite the evident applied orientation of the studies under consideration, they are not limited to purely engineering application of space geophysics results to the calculation of possible risks for technological systems, but also pose a number of fundamental scientific problems

show abstract

The Development of Models for Assessment of the Geomagnetically Induced Currents Impact on Electric Power Grids during Geomagnetic Storms

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

Impulsive disturbances of the geomagnetic field as a cause of induced currents of electric power lines

Space weather impact on ground-based technological systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About