The development of non‐myotomic muscles of the chick embryo

Kitiyakara, Amara

doi:10.1002/ar.1091330105

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rate of accumulation of these substances is not uniform, however, pointing, perhaps, to an asynchrony in cytodifferentiation of the muscles. Such an asynchrony has been observed directly (Holtzer et al, 1957;Kittiyakara, 1959)-A steady rise in total protein is a characteristic of development. The muscle mass increased about five-fold in the skeletal muscles and 30-fold in the heart muscle between the 12th and 20th d of incubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Macromolecular composition of fast, slow and cardiac muscles of chick during incubation

Radha¹

1975

British Poultry Science

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Total muscle mass increases about five-fold in fast (anterior latissimus dorsi: ALD) and slow (posterior latissimus dorsi: PLD) muscles and 30-fold in cardiac muscle between the 12th and 20th d of incubation. 2. Increase in muscle protein does not parallel the rise in muscle RNA. 3. The DNA concentration of the ALD muscle decreases while that of the heart and PLD muscle show an increase between 8 and 12 d and a steady decrease thereafter. 4. The increase in glycogen concentration is greater in heart than in ALD and PLD up to the 20th d; 1 d after hatching, ALD has more glycogen than PLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Macromolecular composition of fast, slow and cardiac muscles of chick during incubation

Radha¹

1975

British Poultry Science

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“…Figure 5 indicates that by the third day of microdrop culture the number of syncytial nuclei is almost twice the total number of nuclei present at 24 hours. Even assuming that all of the nuclei present at 24 hours are of myogenic cells, an assumption not supported by the multiplicity of cell types observed in culture, this is a clear indication of proliferative activity on the part of the myogenic elements.…”

Section: Nuclear Countsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Some Aspects of Myogenesis in Vitro

Eichna

Konigsberg

1961

Circulation

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of embryonic chick leg muscle cells have been employed to establish replicate monolayer cultures. Such cultures grow rapidly to form a confluent layer of cells. Despite culture conditions generally assumed to be " dedifferentiative, " a high degree of differentiation is attained in terms of the development of cross-striated myofibrils and contractility. To evaluate the possible role of in situ nuclear replication in the development of multinuclearity in muscle cells, an inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, methyl-bis (betachloroethylamine) (nitrogen mustard), was employed. Treatment with nitrogen mustard at concentration levels that profoundly inhibit DNA synthesis does not block the formation of multinuclear cells. On the basis of the pattern of nuclear enlargement after nitrogen mustard treatment, the cytologic picture of treated cultures is interpreted as indicating that the nuclei of only mononucleated cells are normally capable of proliferation. An absence of proliferative activity in the nuclei of multinuclear cell suggests that myoblast proliferation is self-limiting in this system and may explain, in part, the high degree of differentiation attained in monolayer culture.

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Myotubular Myopathy

Spiro¹

1966

Arch Neurol

343

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FOR SEVERAL WEEKS prior to the formation of mature muscle cells, the process of which is virtually completed by the fifth fetal month in humans,1 the cell exists as a myotube. Similar muscle cells were seen in the biopsy of an adolescent boy with a muscle-wasting disorder.Since this unusual pathological occurrence appears to be unique, it is the purpose of this report to present the clinical, pathological, cytochemical, and electron microscopic studies of this disease. An attempt will also be made to correlate these findings with previously reported studies in myogenesis. MethodsBiopsy specimens of gastrocnemius muscle were removed on two separate occasions (September 1962 and January 1965) after infiltration of the overlying skin with a local anesthetic. The initial specimen was removed with sutures and fixed in Zenker's solution; the second specimen was removed with a C-shaped clamp designed for that purpose, and fixed in Bouin's solution. Both specimens were oriented in a manner whereby both cross and longitudinal sections could be made. The fixed sections from the first biopsy were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In addition to this, the sections from the second biopsy were stained with the hematoxylin-van Gieson, Gomori trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Lillie allochrome techniques.2 During the second biopsy, a muscle specimen was frozen in isopentane cooled to \p=m-\160 C by liquid nitrogen. Thin sections cut in a cryostat were stained unfixed for histochemical and cytochemical studies. Sections were stained with the modified Gomori trichrome technique for morphological de¬ tail.3 Mitochondrial oxidative enzymatic activity and enzymes involved in electron transport were studied with the cytochrome oxidase,1 nicotinamide adenine nucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH),5 and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) reactions." Myofibrillary activity was sudied using adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase).7 Individual sarcoplasmic contents were studied utilizing amylophosphorylase and the periodic acid-Schiff stain.Lipids were stained using scharlach-R and Sudan black. Sections were also stained for acid phosphatase.8 Immunofluorescence studies were done using rabbit anti-human myosin and fluorescein labelled anti-rabbit globulin.8 Electron Microscopy.-For electron microscopy, tissue immediately frozen at -160 C in liquid nitrogen and stored at -4 C for four weeks was thawed at room temperature and fixed in 1'% osmium tetroxide in barbital (Veronal) acetate buffer10 for two hours. Dehydration was carried on in ascending solutions of acetone, and English Araldite * was used for embedding. A microtome was used for sectioning of the blocks. The sections were examined in an electron microscope.A 12-year-old white boy was admitted to Chil¬ dren's Hospital of Philadelphia in January 1965 for evaluation of muscle weakness and repeat muscle biopsy. This was prompted by uniquely abnormal fibers found in routine review of the patient's muscle biopsy done in 1962.This boy (Fig 1) was the product of his then 30-year-old mother's fifth...

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The development of non‐myotomic muscles of the chick embryo

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Macromolecular composition of fast, slow and cardiac muscles of chick during incubation

Macromolecular composition of fast, slow and cardiac muscles of chick during incubation

Some Aspects of Myogenesis in Vitro

Myotubular Myopathy

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