The development of phenotypic plasticity: Where biology and psychology meet

Crews, David

doi:10.1002/dev.10115

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Newman (5) described the flexibility of functional connections involved in a variety of aggressive, sexual, and maternal behaviors in the context of a social behavior network of six limbic regions. A similar but not entirely congruent network of limbic regions has been described in geckos (6) in which developmental influences on functional connectivity have been linked to aggressive behaviors (7). Newman (5) predicted that sensory inputs modulate the transient subnetworks that mediate continuously varying behavioral responses to social cues.…”

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confidence: 77%

Social cues shift functional connectivity in the hypothalamus

Hoke

Ryan

Wilczynski

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We determined how social stimuli that vary in behavioral relevance differentially activate functional networks in the frog hypothalamus. As measured by egr-1 mRNA levels, activity in three hypothalamic nuclei varied with acoustic stimulus, and these responses were correlated with egr-1 responses in different auditory regions regardless of stimulus. The correlations among hypothalamic nuclei, however, varied as a function of the behavioral relevance of the stimuli. Thus relevant social cues shift the functional connectivity within the hypothalamus, consistent with principles that underlie the simultaneous processing of sensory information in cognitive tasks.amphibian ͉ immediate early gene ͉ mate choice ͉ neural network ͉ tú ngara frog T he complex anatomical connections characteristic of networks in the brain pose a challenge for understanding neural circuits and their dual capacities to motivate and respond to behavior. A traditional approach in studies of neural systems underlying social behavior has been to investigate properties of individual nuclei or centers. Alternatively, cognitive neuroscience studies have more recently focused on variation in the functional relationships among neocortical areas, that is, on network properties indicated by correlated patterns of activity among brain regions, or functional connectivity (1-3). Functional connectivity has been assessed by using metabolic measures such as positron emission tomography (1) or fluorodeoxyglucose incorporation (4) to infer neural activity patterns within brain networks.The limbic and hypothalamic areas are critical candidates for network analyses, because those nuclei are heavily and reciprocally interconnected anatomically and participate in complex ways in multiple aspects of behavior and physiology (5). The brain directs appropriate behavioral and physiological responses to diverse sensory inputs by partitioning interconnected brain regions into independent subnetworks that subserve different tasks (5). Newman (5) described the flexibility of functional connections involved in a variety of aggressive, sexual, and maternal behaviors in the context of a social behavior network of six limbic regions. A similar but not entirely congruent network of limbic regions has been described in geckos (6) in which developmental influences on functional connectivity have been linked to aggressive behaviors (7). Newman (5) predicted that sensory inputs modulate the transient subnetworks that mediate continuously varying behavioral responses to social cues. In this paper, we extend Newman's prediction to consider how socially relevant auditory inputs demarcate subnetworks in the hypothalamus, a brain division that has a critical role in mediating reproductive responses to social cues.Anurans are tractable models for such an investigation. Behavioral responses to conspecific vocal signals are well documented, and we have a rich understanding of how the auditory system differentially responds to behaviorally relevant acoustic stimuli (8,9). Neuroanatomical con...

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confidence: 77%

Social cues shift functional connectivity in the hypothalamus

Hoke

Ryan

Wilczynski

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The SBN comprises six brain nuclei, or nodes (lateral septum, medial extended amygdala/bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, and midbrain periaqueductal gray/tegmentum) that are reciprocally connected and express high levels of steroid receptors. Originally identified in mammals (32), homologous regions have been found in reptiles (33), fish (34,35), and birds (33), providing a useful framework for analyzing the neural bases of social behaviors (36,37). The expression of steroid receptors in the SBN nuclei suggests that these nodes are also important neural substrates for integration of social behavior with an animal's hormonal state.…”

Section: Brain Responses To Social Information and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Social information changes the brain

Fernald

Maruska

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

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Social animals live in complex physical and social environments requiring them to attend and rapidly respond to social and environmental information by changing their behavior. A key social influence is rank or status, a ubiquitous element in animal societies. Rank typically regulates access to reproduction and other resources, among other consequences for individuals. Because reproduction is arguably the most important event in any animals' life, understanding how reproduction is regulated by social status and related physiological factors can instruct our understanding of evolutionary change. This article reviews evidence from a model social system in which reproduction is tightly controlled by social status. Surprisingly, changes in social status have rapid and profound effects over very short time scales and radically alter overt behavior, as well as physiological, cellular, and molecular factors that regulate reproductive capacity.brain plasticity | cichlid fish | immediate early gene | social rank

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“…The reasoning for this integration of neural circuits into a larger framework is as follows: historically, the study of the neural and endocrine mechanisms underlying social behavior (aggression, parental care, sexual behavior), and more generally, sociality (Goodson and Kabelik, 2009), focused on specific candidate fore-and midbrain areas (e.g., preoptic area, ventromedial hypothalamus, septal regions). Newman (1999) was the first to propose a comprehensive set of criteria (see below for detailed discussion) that allowed her to integrate these individual regions into the SBN, an advance that has greatly facilitated our understanding of the neural and hormonal underpinnings of social life across major vertebrate lineages (Newman, 1999;Crews, 2003;Goodson, 2005). However, to be adaptive, social behavior must be reinforcing (or rewarding) in some way.…”

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The Vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: A comparative synthesis

O’Connell

Hofmann

2011

J of Comparative Neurology

873

879

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All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on these processes, yet our understanding of behavioral decision-making mechanisms and their evolution is still very limited. Insights from mammals indicate that two neural circuits are of crucial importance in this context: the social behavior network and the mesolimbic reward system. Here we review evidence from neurochemical, tract-tracing, developmental, and functional lesion/stimulation studies that delineates homology relationships for most of the nodes of these two circuits across the five major vertebrate lineages: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and teleost fish. We provide for the first time a comprehensive comparative analysis of the two neural circuits and conclude that they were already present in early vertebrates. We also propose that these circuits form a larger social decision-making (SDM) network that regulates adaptive behavior. Our synthesis thus provides an important foundation for understanding the evolution of the neural mechanisms underlying reward processing and behavioral regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3599-3639, 2011. INDEXING TERMS: social behavior; comparative neuroanatomy; amphibian; reptile; bird; teleost; reward system; social behavior network; limbic system; neural circuitsThroughout their lives, all animals constantly face situations that provide either challenges (e.g., aggression, predation) or opportunities (e.g., reproduction, foraging, habitat selection) (for a detailed review, see O'Connell and Hofmann, 2011). In all cases, environmental cues are processed by sensory systems into a meaningful biological signal while internal physiological cues (e.g., condition, maturity) and prior experience are integrated at the same time. This process usually results in behavioral actions that are adaptive, i.e., beneficial to the animal. To accomplish this, an animal's nervous system must evaluate the salience of a stimulus and elicit a context-appropriate behavioral response. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the ecology and evolution of social behavior (Lorenz, 1952;Tinbergen, 1963;Lehrman, 1965;von Frisch, 1967;Krebs and Davies, 1993;Stephens, 2008), it is less understood where in the brain these decisions (e.g., about mate choice or territory defense) are made and how these brain circuits have arisen over the course of vertebrate evolution.Recent research has begun to decipher the neural basis of social decision-making. In mammals in particular, the neural circuits that evaluate stimulus salience and/or regulate social behavior have been uncovered to some degree: the mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network (Fig. 1). It is becoming increasingly clear that the reward system (including but not limited to the midbrain dopaminergic system) is the neural circuit where the salience of an external stimulus is evaluated (Deco and Rolls, 2005;Wickens et al., 2007), as appetitive beh...

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The development of phenotypic plasticity: Where biology and psychology meet

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Social cues shift functional connectivity in the hypothalamus

Social cues shift functional connectivity in the hypothalamus

Social information changes the brain

The Vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: A comparative synthesis

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