The development of ratite production through continued research

Cloete, S.W.P.; Brand, T.S.; Hoffman, Louwrens C.; Brand, Z.; Engelbrecht, Anel; Bonato, Maud; Glatz, P. C.; Malecki, Irek

doi:10.1017/s0043933912000372

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In 1996, information on the nutrient requirements for growing ostriches was limited (Angel, 1996) and the requirements estimated were based on other poultry species. Numerous scientific studies have been conducted since then to gain more knowledge on the subject and permit more accurate calculations (Brand, van der Merwe, et al, 2000;Cloete et al, 2012), but the newly acquired information still pales in comparison to other monogastric species, such as pigs and poultry (Brand & Olivier, 2011), however.…”

Section: Dietary Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

et al. 2013

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Section: Dietary Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

et al. 2013

Self Cite

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“…Males often become aggressive during the breeding season and can cause serious injuries to each other which lead to additional veterinary expenses. In order to address these problems, it has been suggested [3,4] that the ratite industry should employ advanced reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination (AI), which has been successfully employed in commercial poultry enterprises [5][6][7]. Since its inception AI has become an important production tool in the poultry industry, as well as in the conservation of endangered species [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A re-evaluation of sperm ultrastructure in the emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae

Plessis

Soley

2014

Theriogenology

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Existing reports on sperm structure in the emu do not adequately illustrate or describe all the salient ultrastructural features necessary for a meaningful comparison of normal and abnormal sperm in this species. As sperm morphology forms an important parameter in determining semen quality, and in view of the proposed role of artificial insemination in the farming of ratites, this paper re-evaluates and complements the existing data on the topic, provides a fully illustrated description of emu sperm ultrastructure and documents some unreported morphological features. Conventional transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, as well as high resolution SEM, was used to describe the ultrastructure of sperm harvested from the distal deferent duct of sexually mature birds slaughtered during the breeding season. In addition to broadly confirming the basic ultrastructural characteristics previously described for emu sperm, this study revealed a number of unreported morphological features. These included distinct differences in surface properties between the acrosome and nucleus, the presence of a thread-like appendage near the base of the nucleus, variable positioning of the annulus relative to structures located at the midpiece -principal 1 piece junction and regional differentiation of the principal piece. Although the emu displayed similar basic morphological features to sperm of other ratites and the tinamou, marked structural peculiarities were obvious, notably the lack of an endonuclear canal and a perforatorium as well as the presence of significantly more mitochondria in the midpiece coupled with an absence of inter-mitochondrial cement. Whereas the broad morphological features of emu sperm would appear to add credence to the general view that the ratites, together with the tinamous, form a monophyletic group at the base of the avian phylogenetic tree, it is also clear that emu sperm are distinctly different from those of the ostrich, rhea and tinamou which together share morphological affinities This observation may lend some support to the alternate view that the Australasian ratites represent a separate clade that developed independently from flightless ancestors.

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“…; Cloete et al . ). Despite the importance of Palaeognathae birds, updated studies on its anatomy are uncommon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The skin structure of greater rhea (Rheidae, Palaeognathae)

2015

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The aim of this study was to describe the histological structure of the skin of greater rhea (Rhea americana), a ratite bird native to South America. Skin samples were taken from three regions of the trunk (alar, dorsal and pelvic) in 14 specimens which ages ranged from 7 days to adulthood. Serial sections were obtained and subjected to different staining procedures (haematoxylin and eosin, orcein, Masson's trichrome and Gomori), and a morphometric analysis was carried out on stained slides. In general, both epidermis and dermis showed increased thickness of its layers with age. Some differences between regions can be detected both in epidermis and in dermis; for example in adults and 7‐day‐old birds, the stratum corneum of the alar region was thicker than of the dorsal region. In general, the skin of greater rhea was similar to that described in ratites and other birds (a thin epidermis compared to dermis, dermis with scarce elastic fibres, a slender and vascularized stratum superficiale, collagen fibres arranged in three directions). The scarcity of elastic fibres and the general cross‐weaved arrangement of the collagen fibres in the dermis of the adult greater rhea provide strength and flexibility to the dermis, two important features in leather industry.

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The development of ratite production through continued research

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

A re-evaluation of sperm ultrastructure in the emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae

The skin structure of greater rhea (Rheidae, Palaeognathae)

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