The development of the arterial outflow tract in the chick embryo heart

Jaffee, Oscar Charles

doi:10.1002/ar.1091580105

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It may be argued that this swelling interferes with the flow profile that causes an error in the velocity data. Observations in the chick embryo have indicated that conotruncal flow is laminar but not turbulent in the stage of development of the conotruncal swelling (3,6). In the rat embryo, it was observed under a microscope that the conotruncal region was fully patent during ventricular ejection and almost completely obliterated during ventricular diastole; this finding was Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein we indicate that measurement of blood pressure in the rat embryo is feasible, but with some limitations, and that there may be qualitative hemodynamic differences between the rat and chick embryos. (Pediatr Res 23: 200-205,1988) While searching for the basic mechanism of normal and abnormal morphogenesis of the cardiovascular system, several investigators have been trying to correlate the change of hemodynamics or rheology of the cardiovascular system to morphogenesis (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). These studies have revealed that several teratogenic factors alter the hemodynamics (6-12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Developmental Hemodynamic Changes in Rat Embryos at 11 to 15 Days of Gestation: Normal Data of Blood Pressure and the Effect of Caffeine Compared to Data from Chick Embryo

et al. 1988

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ABSTRACT. We attempted to measure arterial blood pressure of the rat embryo. The embryo was excised within the uterus and immersed in Hanks' solution at 37" C. The uterus wall and yolk sac were opened to expose the umbilical vessels. The umbilical artery was punctured with a glass micro-pipette, and blood pressure was measured by using a servo-null micro-pressure system. The mean blood pressure was 0.27 + 0.05 mm Hg in the embryo at the 11th day of gestation (n = 7), 0.48 f 0.03 mm Hg in the 12-day embryos (n = 19), 1.3 + 0.08 mm Hg in the 13-day (n = ll), and 2.6 -1-0.1 mm Hg in the 15-day embryos (n = 10). Heart rate was 84 + 11 in 11-day, 122 -1-3 in 12-day, 192 f 7 in 13-day, and 198 f 5 in 15-day embryos.These parameters were stable within 10 min after the excision. A comparison of the data with those of the chick embryo of comparable developmental stages revealed that the blood pressure was lower in 11-and 12-day rat embryos than in the chick embryo of Hamburger-Hamilton stages 18 and 21, but this was reversed in the later stages. In the stage 21 chick embryo, intravenous administration of caffeine (60 f 9 mglkg embryo weight) induced an increase in blood pressure by 11 + 3% (n = 8), but did not result in a significant increase in dorsal aortic blood flow (6 -1-6%, n = 9) or in heart rate. In contrast, caffeine (62 + 3 mg/kg) increased the heart rate by 8 f 2% (n = 10) without changing the blood pressure in the rat embryo of day 12. The velocity of blood flow in the truncus was measured by a pulsed Doppler flowmeter. Caffeine injection increased the mean velocity by 21 -1-8% (n = 8). Herein we indicate that measurement of blood pressure in the rat embryo is feasible, but with some limitations, and that there may be qualitative hemodynamic differences between the rat and chick embryos. (Pediatr Res 23: 200-205,1988) While searching for the basic mechanism of normal and abnormal morphogenesis of the cardiovascular system, several investigators have been trying to correlate the change of hemodynamics or rheology of the cardiovascular system to morphogenesis (1-5). These studies have revealed that several teratogenic factors alter the hemodynamics (6-12). However, it is known that caffeine induces aortic aneurysm in the chick (1 3), whereas in the rat it induces ventricular septa1 defect (14, 15). This indicates that there is a species difference in the teratogenecity of a single intervention. Previous hemodynamic studies, however, have only used the chick embryo, and very few have been done in the mammalian embryo. The ultimate goal of investigation in this field is an understanding of human cardiac morphogenesis. Experiments using any mammalian species may be better for this purpose than those using other species. Therefore, we attempted to measure the blood pressure and blood flow parameters in the rat embryo, and looked at whether there was any difference in the hemodynamic effect of caffeine in the chick and rat embryo. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe Wistar rat was used and pregnancy was confirmed by vaginal...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Developmental Hemodynamic Changes in Rat Embryos at 11 to 15 Days of Gestation: Normal Data of Blood Pressure and the Effect of Caffeine Compared to Data from Chick Embryo

et al. 1988

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“…IT IS a traditional view that spiral streams of blood mold the primary heart tube during its development, and play a major role in the formation of the ventricular, bulbar, and aortico-pulmonary septa (Spitzer, 1923;Bremer, 1932;Goerttler, 1955;Barthel, 1960;De Vries et al, 1962;Jaffee, 1962Jaffee, , 1963Jaffee, , 1965Jaffee, , 1966Jaffee, , 1967. Experiments have been carried out to test this hypothesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Two spiral streams have been described, based on observations of the moving blood cells within the primitive heart (Bremer, 1932;Jaffee, 1962Jaffee, , 1963Jaffee, , 1965Jaffee, , 1966Jaffee, , 1967. This method of evaluation, however, is inadequate for tracing the entire course of the streams in the heart tube, and is subject to error.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intracardiac flow patterns in early embryonic life. A reexamination.

Yoshida¹,

Manasek²,

Arcilla³

1983

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY. MicroangiogTaphy, using methylene blue injected at eight vitelline vein sites, was performed on 156 developing chick embryos at Hamburger-Hamilton stages 14-22. Two stream patterns were observed. Type A coursed sequentially through the dorsal portion of the sinus venosus, the cranial segments of the primitive atrium and atrioventricular canal, the ventral parts of the primitive ventricle and conus cordis, and, finally, the left branchial arches. Type B coursed through the ventral portion of the sinus venosus, the caudal segments of the primitive atrium and atrioventricular canal, the dorsal parts of the primitive ventricle and conus cordis, and, finally, the right branchial arches. Both streams flowed in parallel fashion in the conus cordis. At Hamburger-Hamilton stages 17-18, the dye stream from the right lateral vitelline vein was chiefly type A, whereas that from the left lateral vitelline vein was type B. At Hamburger-Hamilton stages 19-22, those patterns reversed, i.e., the right lateral vitelline vein stream ran as type B, whereas the left lateral vitelline vein stream assumed type A pattern. The cranial-caudal relationship of the two streams at the primitive atrium and atrioventricular canal is not consistent with the hypothesis that these streams separately expand the future right atrium and left atnum. Their parallel direction at the conus cordis does not support the theory that spiral septation is initiated by two spiral streams. The longitudinal separation of the two streams at and beyond the branchial arches also argues against aortico-pulmonary septation as a consequence of flow streaming. Our observations do not support the traditional flow-molding theory. (Circ Res 53: 363-371, 1983) IT IS a traditional view that spiral streams of blood mold the primary heart tube during its development, and play a major role in the formation of the ventricular, bulbar, and aortico-pulmonary septa

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“…Cell junctions between VECs are also similar to those of arterial endothelial cells. VECs however seem to be phenotypically different from arterial endothelial cells (Jaffee, 1967), based on the observation that VECs originate developmentally from sources different from arterial endothelial cells. In addition, VECs are oriented circumferentially across leaflets, perpendicular to the direction of the blood flow, in contrast to vascular endothelium, which aligns parallel to flow (Deck, 1986;Schoen, 2008).…”

Section: Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

2013

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The development of the arterial outflow tract in the chick embryo heart

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Developmental Hemodynamic Changes in Rat Embryos at 11 to 15 Days of Gestation: Normal Data of Blood Pressure and the Effect of Caffeine Compared to Data from Chick Embryo

Developmental Hemodynamic Changes in Rat Embryos at 11 to 15 Days of Gestation: Normal Data of Blood Pressure and the Effect of Caffeine Compared to Data from Chick Embryo

Intracardiac flow patterns in early embryonic life. A reexamination.

Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

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