The development of the chick optic tectum. I. normal morphology and cytoarchitectonic development

LaVail, Jennifer H.; Cowan, William

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90053-9

Cited by 385 publications

(232 citation statements)

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“…This "four-dimensional" (time and space) reconstruction is based on this as weil as on previous investigations (LaVail and Cowan, 1971;Goldberg, 1974;Puelles and Bendala, 1978;Kröger and Schwarz, 1990). Tectobulbar axons growing in a dorsal to ventral direction within the tectum form a parallel array of thick fascicles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Molecular mechanisms separating two axonal pathways during embryonic development of the avian optic tectum

Kröger

Walter

1991

Neuron

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SummaryDuring embryonic development of the avian optic tectum, retinal and tectobulbar axons form an orthogonal array of nerve processes. Growing axons of both tracts are transiently very closely apposed to each other. Despite this spatial proximity, axons from the two pathways do not intermix, but instead restrict their growth to defined areas, thus forming two separate plexiform layers, the stratum opticum and the stratum album centrale. In this study we present experimental evidence indicating that the following three mechanisms might playa role in segregating both axonal populations: Retinal and tectobulbar axons differ in their ability to use the extracellular matrix protein laminin as a substrate for axonal elongation; the environment in the optic tectum is generally permissive for retinal axons, but is specifically nonpermissive for tectobulbar axons, resulting in a strong fasciculation of the laUer; and growth cones of temporal retinal axons are reversibly inhibited in their motility by direct contact with the tectobulbar axon's membrane.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Molecular mechanisms separating two axonal pathways during embryonic development of the avian optic tectum

Kröger

Walter

1991

Neuron

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“…Appropriately organized in time and space, cell proliferation contributes to morpho-and histogenesis (Cowan et al, 1968;LaVail and Cowan, 1971a;Kahane and Kalcheim, 1998) and patterning (Stuckey et al, 2011). The organized operation of cell behaviors depends on temporal and spatial references settled by signaling centers, i.e., zones of polarizing activity (Freeman and Gurdon, 2002;Green, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic tectum morphogenesis: A step‐by‐step model based on the temporal–spatial organization of the cell proliferation. Significance of deterministic and stochastic components subsumed in the spatial organization

Rapacioli

Duarte

Celin

et al. 2012

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: Cell proliferation plays an important morphogenetic role. This work analyzes the temporalspatial organization of cell proliferation as an attempt to understand its contribution to the chick optic tectum (OT) morphogenesis. Results: A morphogenetic model based on space-dependent differences in cell proliferation is presented. Step1: a medial zone of high mitotic density (mZHMD) appears at the caudal zone. Step2: the mZHMD expands cephalically forming the dorsal curvature and then duplicates into two bilateral ZHMDs (bZHMD). Step3: the bZHMDs move toward the central region of each hemitectum. Step4: the planar expansion of both bZHMD and a relative decrement in the dorsal midline growth produces a dorsal medial groove separating the tectal hemispheres. Step5: a relative caudal displacement of the bZHMDs produces the OT caudal curvature. Numerical sequences derived from records of mitotic cells spatial coordinates, analyzed as stochastic point processes, show that they correspond to 1/f (b) processes. The spatial organization subsumes deterministic and stochastic components. Conclusions: The deterministic component describes the presence of a long-range influence that installs an asymmetric distribution of cell proliferation, i.e., an asymmetrically located ZHMD that print space-dependent differences onto the tectal corticogenesis. The stochastic component reveals short-range anti-correlations reflecting spatial clusterization and synchronization between neighboring cells. Developmental Dynamics 241:1043-1061, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: developing CNS; mitotic cell organization; nonlinear analyses; morphogenesis Key findings:The signals representing the mitotic cell spatial organization display 1/f type spectrum. The signals subsume deterministic components that reveal the existence of long-range influences. The signals subsume stochastic fluctuations revealing short-range anti-correlations between adjacent cells. The differential displacements of zones of high mitotic density regulate planar expansion. The asymmetric proliferation prints space-dependent histogenetic changes to the tectal corticogenesis.

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“…Strangely, although some excellent anatomical tools have been developed, retinotectal connections related to the laminar formation have scarcely studied in chick embryos after their studies. In the present study, therefore, we purposed to survey again, using the improved tract-tracing methods, the relationships between retinotectal projections and the laminar formation focused on the SGFS comparing to a series of studies by Cowan and his coworker [4,[10][11][12]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the SGC sends tectofugal fibers outside of the tectum through the SAC [2,18]. Cowan and his coworkers [4,[10][11][12] investigated comprehensively the laminar formation of the chick tectum. However, it was somewhat difficult to understand precisely the relationship between the laminar formation and retinal projections from their autoradiographic data on retinotectal connections [4,5] due to high background of silver grains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Developmental Study on Lamination of the Optic Tectum in Relation to the Retinotectal Projection in Chicks and Chick Embryos.

Fujiwara

Ohozone

Naito

2000

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The tectal lamination was investigated in the central part of the chick embryonic tectum. Two and 5 layers were observed above the neuroepithelium (NE) on embryonic day 6 (E6) and E8, respectively. Optic fibers extended on the surface of the tectum by E8. On E10-11, the outer tectum was composed of 2 layers, that is, a fibrous layer forming the optic fiber layer on the tectal surface and a cellular layer showing the gradient of cell density. In the inner tectum, the lamination was almost completed. On E12-13, the outer tectal layers, which showed the gradient of cell density, was divided into dark and light cellular layers. The dark cellular layer was divided into 2 layers on E14-15 and further into 4 layers (layer C-F in chick) on E18. On the other hand, the light cellular layer did not change until E18, but finally, it was divided into 2 layers (layer A and B in chick) by E20. Optic fibers reached the bottom of the outer tectum by E14 showing different densities of terminals. Stratification by optic fibers was going to step into the final stage on E18. On E20, laminations according to cytoarchitectural features and the optic fiber terminals were substantially completed. In the tectum affected by destruction of the contralateral embryonic eye (E4), some cellular layers were incompletely discriminated by differences of cell density.-KEY WORDS: bird, development, retina, retinotectal connection, tectum.The tectum shows the laminar structure divided into 6 strata, stratum opticum (SO), stratum griseum et fibrosum superficialis (SGFS), stratum griseum centrale (SGC), st r at um a l bum c e ntra l e (S A C) , st ra t um gri se um p e r i v e n t r i c u l a r e ( S G P ) , a n d s t r a t u m f i b o s u m periventriculare (SFP). The superficial part (layer A -F) of the SGFS composed of 10 layers (layer A -J) receives mainly optic fibers through the SO, the largest tectopetal fiber tract [6,9,13,15]. On the other hand, the SGC sends tectofugal fibers outside of the tectum through the SAC [2,18]. Cowan and his coworkers [4,[10][11][12] investigated comprehensively the laminar formation of the chick tectum. However, it was somewhat difficult to understand precisely the relationship between the laminar formation and retinal projections from their autoradiographic data on retinotectal connections [4,5] due to high background of silver grains. Strangely, although some excellent anatomical tools have been developed, retinotectal connections related to the laminar formation have scarcely studied in chick embryos after their studies. In the present study, therefore, we purposed to survey again, using the improved tract-tracing methods, the relationships between retinotectal projections and the laminar formation focused on the SGFS comparing to a series of studies by Cowan and his coworker [4,[10][11][12]. MATERIALS AND METHODSChicks and chick embryos (White Leghorn) were used in this study. After incubation of fertilized eggs for 4 days on the conditions of 38°C and 70% humidity in a forced-draft, a small window w...

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The development of the chick optic tectum. I. normal morphology and cytoarchitectonic development

Cited by 385 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular mechanisms separating two axonal pathways during embryonic development of the avian optic tectum

Molecular mechanisms separating two axonal pathways during embryonic development of the avian optic tectum

Optic tectum morphogenesis: A step‐by‐step model based on the temporal–spatial organization of the cell proliferation. Significance of deterministic and stochastic components subsumed in the spatial organization

The Developmental Study on Lamination of the Optic Tectum in Relation to the Retinotectal Projection in Chicks and Chick Embryos.

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