The development of the chondrocranium of Pleurodeles waltlii

Eyal‐Giladi,; Hefzibah,; Zinberg, Nira

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051140310

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The scleral cartilage is absent in snakes, and has been secondarily lost within some groups. For example, the distribution of scleral cartilage amongst amphibians is variable pre‐ and post‐metamorphosis such that it may be present during tadpole stages and then resorbed during metamorphosis or it may be completely absent throughout ontogeny (Walls, ; Eyal‐Giladi and Zinberg ; Franz‐Odendaal and Vickaryous ). In contrast, all teleosts have scleral cartilage (Franz‐Odendaal b).…”

Section: Diversity Of Form—scleral Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletons of the Eye: An Evolutionary and Developmental Perspective

Franz‐Odendaal

2018

The Anatomical Record

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The ocular skeleton, composed of the scleral cartilage and scleral ossicles, is present in many vertebrates. The morphology of the scleral cartilage and ossicles varies within different extant reptiles (including birds) and also varies dramatically from the morphology in extant teleosts. This incredible range of diverse morphologies is the result of millions of years of evolution. Both the position of these elements within the eye and the timing of development vary amongst different vertebrates. While the development of both the scleral cartilage and scleral ossicles is somewhat understood in reptiles and in teleosts, the functional advantage of these elements is still debated. Most reptiles have a multi-component scleral ossicle ring composed of a series of flat bone plates and a scleral cartilage cup lining the retina, some sharks have calcified cartilage plates, and some teleosts have two bones while most others only have a ring of scleral cartilage. The data presented shows that different vertebrates have adapted to similar selective pressures in different ways. However, the reason why sarcopterygians have a series of overlapping bones in the sclera remains unclear. A better understanding of the ocular skeletal diversity in Reptilia as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms of vision within different environments (i.e., air vs. water) and that used by secondarily aquatic organisms is needed. This review discusses the observed variation in morphology and development of the ocular skeleton in the context of evolution and highlights our knowledge gaps in these areas. Anat Rec, 303:100-109, 2020.

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Section: Diversity Of Form—scleral Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletons of the Eye: An Evolutionary and Developmental Perspective

Franz‐Odendaal

2018

The Anatomical Record

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“…Although usually described as hyaline, in chondrichthyans the scleral cartilage may become calcified (Walls, 1942). Among amphibians, there are several different patterns of scleral cartilage distribution, including premetamorphic development and loss, premetamorphic development and persistence, or postmetamorphic development (Stadtmü ller, 1924;Walls, 1942;Cloete, 1961;Eyal-Giladi and Zinberg, 1964). Within Actinopterygii, the distribution of scleral cartilage also differs; in teleosts (ray-finned fish), the scleral cartilage is restricted to a narrow ring encircling the equator of the eyeball; in Chondrostei (sturgeons, bichirs) and Amiiformes (bowfins), the sclera is composed of a cup of cartilage with a large posterior foramen (Walls, 1942).…”

Section: Skeletal Elements Within the Scleramentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal elements in the vertebrate eye and adnexa: Morphological and developmental perspectives

Franz‐Odendaal

Vickaryous

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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Although poorly appreciated, the vertebrate eye and adnexa are relatively common sites for skeletogenesis. In many taxa, the skeleton contributes to internal reinforcement in addition to the external housing of the eye (e.g., the circumorbital bones and eyelids). Eyeball elements such as scleral cartilage and scleral ossicles are present within a broad diversity of vertebrates, albeit not therian mammals, and have been used as important models for the study of condensations and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. In contrast, other elements invested within the eye or its close surroundings remain largely unexplored. The onset and mode of development of these skeletal elements are often variable (early versus late; involving chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, or both), and most (if not all) of these elements appear to share a common neural crest origin. This review discusses the development and distribution of the skeletal elements within and associated with the developing eye and comments on homology of the elements where these are questionable.

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“…28, Fox, 1959. ) found the pterygoid process complete in Hynobius-Ranodon sibiricus (Edgeworth, 1925), a 69 mm specimen of Ambystoma punctatunz (Winslow, 1898) and a 65 mm specimen of Pleurodeles waltlii (Eyal-Giladi & Zinberg, 1964). A true process is not present in Rana and in Neoceratodus.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Head And Pharynx Of Larvae Of Neoceratodusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Urodela anterior and posterior copulae are probably the homologues of basibranchiale 1 and 2 (basihyale and basibranchiale 1 in Rana), and the urobranchiale may be of independent origin (Aoyama, 1930), or developed as a ventro-posterior outgrowth of the second basibranchiale (Edgeworth, 1920). Furthermore, the hyobranchial skeleton of older urodele larvae includes radii anteriores and posteriores (see Eyal-Giladi & Zinberg, 1964), of obscure origin (de Beer, 1937). Older anuran larvae have antero-lateral and postero-lateral cartilages present.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Head And Pharynx Of Larvae Of Neoceratodusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During metamorphosis there is a radical rearrangement and reduction of branchial elements in Amphibia (Gaupp, 1904;Stadtmiiller, 1936). Caducibranchiata usually retain two branchiale as in Pleurodeles (Eyal-Giladi & Zinberg, 1964), Rhyacotriton (Cloate, 1961) and Pseudotriton (Joubert, 1961), or merely one in Spelerpes (Smith, 1920), though Perennibranchiala such as Proteus, Necturus, Siren and Amphiuma have more (Stadtmiiller, 1936). However, the adult Cryprobranchus (Menopoma) alleghaniensis retains 4 ceratobranchiale and a third hypobranchiale (Edgeworth, 1923b), or even a fourth (Druner, 1904), and an open gill cleft.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Head And Pharynx Of Larvae Of Neoceratodusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early development of the head and pharynx of Neoceratodus with a consideration of its phylogeny

Fox

1965

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

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With 4 plates and 42 figures in the text)The development of the head and pharynx of larvae of Neoceratodus (ranging in length from 11.5 to 34.5 nun) was investigated from microscopic transverse serial sections. The structures studied included the chondrocranium and visceral arches, ossifications, cranial and anterior spinal nerves, musculature and vascular system. These components of Neoceratodus are compared with similar ones, likewise investigated, in Rana temporaria and Rana esculenta (33 and 26 mm long, respectively), and in various genera of Urodela, either previously investigated by the author or by reference to the earlier literature.Some new homologues of the various morphological components of the head and pharynx of these groups are suggested.On the basis of the larval structure an assessment is made of the classical view of a close phylogenetic relationship between Neocerarodus and the two amphibian groups. It is concluded that they share a common derivation from pro-dipnoan-amphibian stockof crossopterygian ancestry-in the early Devonian: a conclusion which supports an earlier somewhat similar view of Goodrich.It is further considered that there is evidence of a quasi parallel evolution between Neoceratodus and Urodela, though some assumed similarities in larval structure are spurious; nevertheless, in some ways, they are more similar than are Neoceratodus and members of the Anura.A common origin of Neoceratodus (Dipnoi) and the amphibian groups supports the view of a monophyletic derivation of the Tetrapoda.

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The development of the chondrocranium of Pleurodeles waltlii

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Skeletons of the Eye: An Evolutionary and Developmental Perspective

Skeletons of the Eye: An Evolutionary and Developmental Perspective

Skeletal elements in the vertebrate eye and adnexa: Morphological and developmental perspectives

Early development of the head and pharynx of Neoceratodus with a consideration of its phylogeny

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