The Development of the Staminal Filament of Gasteria Verrucosa

Keijzer, C.J.; Hoek, I. H. S.; Willemse, M.T.M.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1987.tb02006.x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The stamen filament is known to be the organ by which the anther is supplied with nutrients during all pollen development (Keijzer, Hoek, and Willemse, 1987). Throughout the anther growth phase, we have shown that, despite a reduced growth, sucrose concentration in the filament is the highest of all the organs of the flower bud.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Floral Organ Growth and Carbohydrate Content During Pollen Development in Lilium

Clément

Burrus

Audran

1996

American Journal of Botany

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In order to understand floral sugar physiology, we correlated the growth of the organs with carbohydrate content in the flower of Lilium cv. “enchantment” during pollen development. In a previous work, we distinguished two phases in pollen ontogenesis: the anther growth phase, from the microspore mother cell until the vacuolated microspore, and the anther maturation phase, from the vacuolated microspore until anthesis. In the present work, we showed that during the growth phase, the anther underwent most of its size and dry weight growth, whereas the growth rate of nonanther organs was reduced. Anther and filament possessed the highest amounts of carbohydrates, which decreased progressively until the vacuolated microspore stage. During the maturation phase, sucrose and starch increased in all floral organs. Anther growth was completed at the Mi stage, whereas the nonanther organs began exponential growth. From these observations, we concluded that hierarchic nutritional correlations exist between the flower organs, in which the anther is the main actor: during the anther growth phase, the anther represents the highest sink strength floral organ, and mainly attracts assimilates through the filament. During the anther maturation phase, anther growth is achieved, its needs decrease, and assimilates are thus available for neighboring organs, which undergo intense growth until anthesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Floral Organ Growth and Carbohydrate Content During Pollen Development in Lilium

Clément

Burrus

Audran

1996

American Journal of Botany

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“…In a recent investigation of the filament development in Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) H. Duval we found that the tracheary elements in the collapsing filament tip remain open during anther dehiseenee (Keijzer et al, 1987). It was suggested that the sudden decrease of starch at dehiseenee led to osmotic withdrawal of water from the anther into the filament, thus promoting anther dehydration and dehiseenee.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Observations on the behaviour of the filament and the connective tissue have only recently been included in accounts of anther development (Mepham & Lane, 1969;Pacini, 1986). Studies exclusively devoted to this topic are scarce (Schmid, 1976-Keijzer, Hoek & Willemse, 1987. Schmid (1976) discussed the relationships between filament characteristics and anther dehiseenee, but he did not specially focus on the filament tip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that the sudden decrease of starch at dehiseenee led to osmotic withdrawal of water from the anther into the filament, thus promoting anther dehydration and dehiseenee. Despite its rapid dehydration and shrinkage at anther dehiseenee, the 282 C. J. KEIJZER, I. H. S. HOEK AND M. T. M. WiLLEMSE filament tip remains a relatively stable structure mechanically, due to the thickened epidermal cell walls and the cuticle (Keijzer et al, 1987). This paper considers the behaviour of both the fllament tip and the connective tissue in three monocotyledonous species which differ in the development of these tissues and in the mechanism of anther dehiscence (Keijzer, 1987a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Processes of Anther Dehiscence and Pollen Dispersal Iii. The Dehydration of the Filament Tip and the Anther in Three Monocotyledonous Species

1987

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SUMMARYThe relationship between anther dehiseenee and dehydration of the filament tip and the connective tissue were followed in Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) H. Duval, Allium cepa L. and Lilium hybrida ev. ' Enehantment' using various mieroseopical techniques, including direct observations of living tissues in the SEM.In G. verrucosa anther dehiseenee immediately follows anthesis, with concomitant dehydration and shrivelling of the filament tip. In L. hybrida the filament tip dehydrates and shrivels before anthesis. The anthers start to dehisce immediately after anthesis. In A. cepa the filament tip dehydrates and shrivels slowly after anthesis and dehiseenee, which may take up to several days, correlates with the rate of extension of the filament.The attenuated period of dehiseenee in A. cepa may be related to the absence of stomata on the anther. Experiments on xylem conductivity and transpiration reveal that the presence of continuously open stomata on the anthers sets the time of dehiseenee after anthesis in G. verrucosa and L. hybrida.The shrinking filament tip in all three species functions as a hinge which suspends the dangling anther after dehiseenee. The uniformly thickened epidermal cell walls on the anthers opposite the filament prevent the outwardly bending locule walls from embracing the filament.

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“…In the last stage before dehiscence, the anthers also dehydrate and there is evidence that this causes the collapse of the cells in the vascular bundle in the tip of the filament (Keijzer et al 1987a(Keijzer et al , 1987b. We show that this did not occur in ethylene-insensitive anthers at stage 12, suggesting that these anthers are less dehydrated (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Ethylene regulates the timing of anther dehiscence in tobacco

Rieu¹,

Wolters‐Arts²,

Derksen³

et al. 2003

Planta

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We investigated the involvement of ethylene signaling in the development of the reproductive structures in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by studying flowers that were insensitive to ethylene. Ethylene-insensitivity was generated either by expression of the mutant etr1-1 ethylene-receptor allele from Arabidopsis thaliana or by treatment with the ethylene-perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP). Development of ovaries and ovules was unaffected by ethylene-insensitivity. Anther development was also unaffected, but the final event of dehiscence was delayed and was no longer synchronous with flower opening. We showed that in these anthers degeneration of the stomium cells and dehydration were delayed. In addition, we found that MCP-treatment of detached flowers and isolated, almost mature anthers delayed dehiscence whereas ethylene-treatment accelerated dehiscence. This indicated that ethylene has a direct effect on a process that takes place in the anthers just before dehiscence. Because a similar function has been described for jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis, we suggest that ethylene acts similarly to or perhaps even in concurrence with jasmonic acid as a signaling molecule controlling the processes that lead to anther dehiscence in tobacco.

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The Development of the Staminal Filament of Gasteria Verrucosa

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Floral Organ Growth and Carbohydrate Content During Pollen Development in Lilium

Floral Organ Growth and Carbohydrate Content During Pollen Development in Lilium

The Processes of Anther Dehiscence and Pollen Dispersal Iii. The Dehydration of the Filament Tip and the Anther in Three Monocotyledonous Species

Ethylene regulates the timing of anther dehiscence in tobacco

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