The Development of Trunk Muscles inMale Wrestlers Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Kubo, Junjiro; Ohta, Akemi; Takahashi, Hideyuki; Kukidome, Takeshi; Funato, Kazuo

doi:10.1519/r-19815.1

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…An interesting finding of the present study was that the magnitude of hypertrophy of RA in our soccer players (both sides together) was comparable to the hypertrophy described in the dominant side of the RA of professional tennis players (26 vs 29%, respectively) [12]. On the other hand, our soccer players had similar total CSA (both sides added) than elite wrestlers [19], [20] and judokas [19] (19, 21 and 19 cm 2 , soccer players from the present study, wrestlers and judokas, respectively), but our soccer players were significantly taller (+10 cm). These studies used images near the umbilicus to measure the CSA, which corresponds to distances between 3.9 and 14.3 cm above the pubic symphysis in the present study [19], [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…On the other hand, our soccer players had similar total CSA (both sides added) than elite wrestlers [19], [20] and judokas [19] (19, 21 and 19 cm 2 , soccer players from the present study, wrestlers and judokas, respectively), but our soccer players were significantly taller (+10 cm). These studies used images near the umbilicus to measure the CSA, which corresponds to distances between 3.9 and 14.3 cm above the pubic symphysis in the present study [19], [20]. Compared to young soccer players of similar height than wrestlers and judokas [19], [20], the total CSA of our professional players was slightly higher (age 17.6±0.5 yrs, total CSA 15 cm 2 ; total CSA was calculated as the mean CSA from the mid level of L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4, L4/L5, and L5/S1) [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…These studies used images near the umbilicus to measure the CSA, which corresponds to distances between 3.9 and 14.3 cm above the pubic symphysis in the present study [19], [20]. Compared to young soccer players of similar height than wrestlers and judokas [19], [20], the total CSA of our professional players was slightly higher (age 17.6±0.5 yrs, total CSA 15 cm 2 ; total CSA was calculated as the mean CSA from the mid level of L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4, L4/L5, and L5/S1) [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soccer Attenuates the Asymmetry of Rectus Abdominis Muscle Observed in Non-Athletes

Idoate¹,

Calbet

Izquierdo

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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PurposeTo determine the volume and degree of asymmetry of the rectus abdominis muscle (RA) in professional soccer players.MethodsThe volume of the RA was determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 15 professional male soccer players and 6 non-active male control subjects.ResultsSoccer players had 26% greater RA volume than controls (P<0.05), due to hypertrophy of both the dominant (28% greater volume, P<0.05) and non-dominant (25% greater volume, P<0.01) sides, after adjusting for age, length of the RA muscle and body mass index (BMI) as covariates. Total volume of the dominant side was similar to the contralateral in soccer players (P = 0.42) and in controls (P = 0.75) (Dominant/non-dominant = 0.99, in both groups). Segmental analysis showed a progressive increase in the degree of side-to-side asymmetry from the first lumbar disc to the pubic symphysis in soccer players (r = 0.80, P<0.05) and in controls (r = 0.75, P<0.05). The slope of the relationship was lower in soccer players, although this trend was not statistically significant (P = 0.14).ConclusionsProfessional soccer is associated with marked hypertrophy of the rectus abdominis muscle, which achieves a volume that is 26% greater than in non-active controls. Soccer induces the hypertrophy of the non-dominant side in proximal regions and the dominant side in regions closer to pubic symphysis, which attenuates the pattern of asymmetry of rectus abdominis observed in non-active population. It remains to be determined whether the hypertrophy of rectus abdominis in soccer players modifies the risk of injury.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soccer Attenuates the Asymmetry of Rectus Abdominis Muscle Observed in Non-Athletes

Idoate¹,

Calbet

Izquierdo

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…al [19] found average CSA in both sides of RA (8.3 and 8.2 cm 2 , right and left sides, respectively) in subjects moderately active (involved 4 days a week in recreational sports) and slightly taller than our control group (+3 cm). On the other hand, the tennis players of our study had similar total CSA (both sides added) than elite wrestlers [36], [37] and judokas [36] (21, 21 and 19 cm 2 , tennis players from the present study, wrestlers and judokas, respectively). Taking the non-dominant side only, our tennis players had a greater level of hypertrophy than elite wrestlers and judokas [36], [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Therefore, we only can compare our results with a few studies analyzing CSA of rectus abdominis muscle using MRI or sonography in non-active subjects [19], [34], and subjects involved in different sports [14], [35]–[37]. All of these studies used images near the umbilicus to measure the CSA, which corresponds to distances between 3.5 and 13.5 cm above the pubic symphysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Asymmetric Hypertrophy of Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Professional Tennis Players

Sanchís-Moysi

Idoate²,

Dorado

et al. 2010

PLoS ONE

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PurposeTo determine the volume and degree of asymmetry of the musculus rectus abdominis (RA) in professional tennis players.MethodsThe volume of the RA was determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 8 professional male tennis players and 6 non-active male control subjects.ResultsTennis players had 58% greater RA volume than controls (P = 0.01), due to hypertrophy of both the dominant (34% greater volume, P = 0.02) and non-dominant (82% greater volume, P = 0.01) sides, after accounting for age, the length of the RA muscle and body mass index (BMI) as covariates. In tennis players, there was a marked asymmetry in the development of the RA, which volume was 35% greater in the non-dominant compared to the dominant side (P<0.001). In contrast, no side-to-side difference in RA volume was observed in the controls (P = 0.75). The degree of side-to-side asymmetry increased linearly from the first lumbar disc to the pubic symphysis (r = 0.97, P<0.001).ConclusionsProfessional tennis is associated with marked hypertrophy of the musculus rectus abdominis, which achieves a volume that is 58% greater than in non-active controls. Rectus abdominis hypertrophy is more marked in the non-dominant than in the dominant side, particularly in the more distal regions. Our study supports the concept that humans can differentially recruit both rectus abdominis but also the upper and lower regions of each muscle. It remains to be determined if this disequilibrium raises the risk of injury.

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Trunk Muscularity in Throwers

et al. 2012

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This study aimed to examine and compare the trunk muscularity of track and field throwers and non-athletes, and its predictive value to the physical performance of the athletes. Using a magnetic resonance imaging method, the skeletal muscle volume (SMV) of the trunk (SMV(trunk)) was determined in 19 strength trained athletes and 18 non-athletes. Also, the SMV of upper, middle and lower regions of the trunk was calculated in every 33% of the trunk length. For the athletes, the maximum weight (1RM) of squat, high clean, and deadlift, and shot forward throwing score were measured. The SMV(trunk) in the athletes was 10% greater than that of non-athletes, with a larger difference in the upper region of the trunk. Step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that the SMV of the lower region was a significant contributor for predicting the 1RM values of the 3 tasks, as well as the shot forward throwing score. The current results indicate that, while the muscularity of the trunk in track and field throwers is characterized by predominant development in the upper region, the muscularity in the lower region is a determinant factor for the 1RM values of the squat, high clean, and deadlift and shot forward throwing score.

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The Development of Trunk Muscles inMale Wrestlers Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Soccer Attenuates the Asymmetry of Rectus Abdominis Muscle Observed in Non-Athletes

Soccer Attenuates the Asymmetry of Rectus Abdominis Muscle Observed in Non-Athletes

Large Asymmetric Hypertrophy of Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Professional Tennis Players

Trunk Muscularity in Throwers

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