The Development of Using the Postpositional Morpheme “Josa” in the Spontaneous Language of 2-3 Year-Old Children

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Objectives: “Eomi” is known as an important grammatical marker in early Korean language development in that it can change the meaning of words, and their function in sentences. The purpose of this study was to investigate Eomi use in spontaneous language samples of young children.Methods: Fifty young children aged 2;6-3;11 participated and were classified into three age groups; late 2-year, early 3-year, and late 3-year groups. Spontaneous language samples were collected during reciprocal book reading procedure with examiners. The number of total Eomi (NTE), and the number of different Eomi (NDE) were counted for overall Eomi and its subcategories; Prefinal Eomi (PE), Connecting Eomi (CE), Transformative Eomi (TE), Sentence closing Eomi (SE). ANOVA and regression analysis were employed for investigating group difference and predicting variables for age, overall NTE and NDE.Results: The overall NTE significantly increased between the late 2-year group and the late 3-year group, and the overall NDE increased significantly between the late 2-yearold group and both 3-year groups. Analysis in Eomi subcategories showed a significant age effect in NTE and NDE of CE and TE. Regression analysis demonstrated that the NDE of TE (57.3%) and CE (6.1%) explained chronological age.Conclusion: Use of Eomi significantly increased during early childhood. The results imply that NDE along with NTE of overall and subcategories of Eomi should be considered in language assessment.

Development of Using Endings (“Eomi”) in Spontaneous Language Samples from 2- to 3-Year-Old Korean Children

Choi¹,

Oh²,

Lee³

2021

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Research Trends Regarding Language Development and Language Impairment of Infancy and Toddlerhood: From 2012 to 2021

Hong¹,

Yang²,

Oh³

et al. 2022

Objectives: This study aims to examine Korean and English research trends regarding language development and language impairment, and to suggest future directions for later research. Methods: Sixty-five Korean research papers published in Communication Science & Disorders and 129 English research published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research were classified according to the subject, time dimension, observational method, independent variable, and dependent variable. The frequency and rate of publication of each type were yielded. Results: Nearly half of the subjects were typically developing toddlers, but there were some differences between the research in the two journals. Cross-sectional studies had higher rates in Korean research, and longitudinal studies had higher rates in English research. In Korean journals, most articles were descriptive studies, with very few experimental studies. In English journals, various independent variables were used relatively evenly, whereas the variables related to the characteristics of the subject were used at higher rates in the Korean journals. Both journals mostly used variables associated with expressive language as dependent variables. Conclusion: Although more research has been published and the types of studies have become more diverse than in the past, during the recent decade in Korea the amount and types of studies are limited when compared to English research. In this regard, this study discussed the direction in which future research related to infant language disorder should proceed.

Investigating the Dynamics in 18-36 Months Toddlers’ Vocabulary Acquisition

Park¹,

seok²,

Yim³

2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were changes in language ability and vocabulary usage of children aged 18 to 36 months by specific time points. Methods: A total of 1,152 Korean children’s Wordbank data based on the MacArthur-Bates communication development assessment (K M-B CDI) were used for analysis. Korean Wordbank data is divided into two sections according to the time of data collection, one is collected before 2003, and the other is collected between 2016-2017. Data from the 2-time points were divided into time point 1 group (n = 988), and time point 2 group (n= 164). The total score and category score of K M-B CDI were compared between the time points. In addition, the significance of differences in each vocabulary item was compared by performing differential item functioning analysis based on classical test theory and item response theory. Results: This study found that the group difference in total score was not significant. However, the differences in category scores were found to be significant in 7 of the total 24 categories, and the scores of the time point 2 group were found to be significantly higher than the time point 1 group in the 6 categories. In addition, 117 items out of a total of 641 items were analyzed to have a differential function. Conclusion: Given that children in time point 2 showed higher performance in the categories of function words, it can be inferred that changes in children’s language skills may appear over time, and the results of this study also confirmed the dynamics of early children’s vocabulary use patterns.