The development of winter wheat in the field. 2. The control of primordium initiation rate by temperature and photoperiod

Baker, C. K.; Gallagher, J. N.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600037643

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…A Tbase of 0 °C, as proposed by many authors, for durum wheat (Gallagher, 1979;Baker and Gallagher, 1983;Baker et al, 1986;Hay and Delècolle, 1989), bread wheat (Friend et al, 1962;Bauer et al, 1984;Baker et al, 1986;Jame et al, 1998;Jamieson et al, 2008) and barley was used. Leaf appearance rate (LAR) was calculated by plotting the number of leaves appeared and cumulated GDD at the same date (TLAR), or number of days from emergence (DLAR).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf appearance rate and final main stem leaf number as affected by temperature and photoperiod in cereals grown in Mediterranean environment

et al. 2017

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In the present study, a two-year field trial was carried out with the aim to evaluate daylength and air temperature effects on leaf appearance and related rates in two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, using six different sowing dates (SD). Significant effects of SD on final main stem leaf number (FLN), thermal leaf appearance rate (TLAR), daily leaf appearance rate (DLAR) and phyllochron (PhL) were found. Cultivars resulted inversely correlated to mean air temperature in the interval emergence -fifth leaf full expansion (E-V). Linear response of leaf number over days after sowing was shown for all SD and cultivars, with R 2 higher than 0.95. FLN linearly decreased from the first to the last SD for durum wheat, while more variable behaviour was observed in bread wheat. TLAR and DLAR showed a linear increment of the rate from the first to the last SD in durum wheat, while did not for bread wheat and barley. PhL in durum wheat decreased from the first to the last SD. Barley and bread wheat showed the highest values on those SDs which did not reach flowering. The increase of TLAR was affected by photoperiod and photothermal units in durum wheat, while by temperatures only in barley and bread wheat. Present results might find practical application in the improvement of phenology simulation models for durum wheat, bread wheat and barley grown in Mediterranean area in absence of water and nutrient stress.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf appearance rate and final main stem leaf number as affected by temperature and photoperiod in cereals grown in Mediterranean environment

et al. 2017

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“…Photoperiod and light intensity may have some effects on spikelet primordium initiation (Friend, 1965a;Baker and Gallagher, 1983b;Kirby, 1985), but the effects are not well understood or quantified and vary widely with cultivars. Water and N do not seem to have much effect on spikelet primordium initiation rates (Whingwiri and Stern, 1982;Baker and Gallagher, 1983a), so presumably it is the duration of spikelet initiation that is affected by water and N. A linear rate of spikelet primordium initiation with GDD was reported by Malvoisin (1984) and Baker and Gallagher (1983b).…”

Section: Spikelet Primordium Initiation Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth

McMaster

Morgan

Wilhelm

1992

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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McMaster, G.S., Morgan, J.A. and Wilhelm, W.W., 1992. Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth. Agric. For. Meteorol.,.Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in integrating and directing research, and in improving farm management strategies. Information derived from recent research on spike development and growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was incorporated into a submodel, SPIKEGRO, and added to an existing model called SHOOTGRO. This manuscript discusses the SPIKEGRO submodel.SPIKEGRO emphasizes the reproductive functioning of the shoot apex. The complete developmental sequence of the shoot apex is outlined and quantified. All developmental events and growth stages are predicted, most using the phyllochron approach. Spikelet and floret primordium initiation, growth, and abortion; ovule fertilization and growth; and rachis and chaff growth are simulated on morphologicallyidentified culms. The phyllochron interval, rather than growing degree-days, is used throughout the model to increase flexibility in predicting yearly and within-stand variation in development. Up to six cohorts of plants are simulated simultaneously from time of emergence, using a daily time step. Initial inputs consist of general agronomic information such as planting date, density, and depth, site latitude, cultivar heightclass, soil water and N concentration, and soil characteristics (e.g. bulk density, organic carbon, parameters for a water-release curve). Cultivar differences, if known, can be incorporated by changing the input parameter file.Validation results and sensitivity analysis suggested six modifications that should improve model realism and predictions. Most of the modifications are easy corrections of simplified algorithms.SPIKEGRO integrates aboveground development and growth of individual plant components into one simulation. The model is useful in estimating development and growth throughout the growing season, and in predicting all stages of shoot apex development critical in scheduling cultural practices.

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“…Only data points within 10-90% of the final leaf length were included in the regressions (Gallagher 1979). For leaf initiation, appearance and expansion in winter wheat and spring barley, a base temperature of 0 °C has been reported by several workers (Gallagher & Biscoe 1978;Gallagher 1979;Kemp & Blacklow 1982;Baker & Gallagher 1983). Although there is evidence that base temperature may vary with sowing date (Kirby et al 1982), the same base temperature was used for all sowings in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of sowing date, sowing density and nitrogen supply on leaf extension in spring barley

1989

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S U M M A R YThree pot experiments were performed in unheated glasshouses at the University College of North Wales College Farm, Aber, Gwynedd in 1980-83. Two experiments tested the effects of sowing date and N supply, the third sowing density and nitrogen supply. Extension growth of main-stem leaves was measured by ruler and expressed in thermal time units to allow comparisons between sowing dates. Rate and duration of leaf extension were determined from linear regressions of leaf length against thermal time.Increasing N supply increased leaf extension rate but had no significant effects on leaf extension duration. Leaf extension rate increased with leaf position on the main shoot, but decreased slightly in leaves extending at the time of stem elongation. Leaf extension duration also increased with leaf position on the main shoot and was related to mean temperature during the leaf extension phase. Plants sown in September were able to compensate for lower radiation receipts by having a faster rate and longer duration of leaf extension, by producing larger leaves with a greater specific lamina area and by partitioning a greater proportion of extension growth into lamina and less into sheaths. In plants sown in June, the largest leaf occurred at a lower stem node and leaves emerging later showed a strong response to N. It is suggested that this is attributable to earlier onset of internal competition for assimilates. Variation in leaf extension rate was the main factor influencing variation in final leaf area. There was a strong positive relationship between leaf extension rate and leaf N content.Increasing sowing density increased the area of the first four leaves on the main shoot and decreased that of later leaves, changes mainly associated with changes in leaf extension duration. It is concluded that progress in the modelling of leaf area expansion, light interception and dry matter production requires more information about how sowing date, sowing density and N supply interact to influence crop development and leaf growth.

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The development of winter wheat in the field. 2. The control of primordium initiation rate by temperature and photoperiod

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

Leaf appearance rate and final main stem leaf number as affected by temperature and photoperiod in cereals grown in Mediterranean environment

Leaf appearance rate and final main stem leaf number as affected by temperature and photoperiod in cereals grown in Mediterranean environment

Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth

Effects of sowing date, sowing density and nitrogen supply on leaf extension in spring barley

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