The Development of Yolk–Shell‐Structured Pd&ZnO@Carbon Submicroreactors with High Selectivity and Stability

Abstract

Design of multicomponent yolk-shell structures is crucial for the fabrication of micro/nanoreactors for a variety of applications. This work reports the rational design and synthesis of yolk-shell-structured submicroreactors with loaded metal nanoparticles into ZnO-microporous carbon core-shell structures. The solvothermal treatment and carbonization process of uniform zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)@resin polymer core-shell structures leads to the generation of yolk-shell-structured ZnO@carbon. The synthesis conditions are optimized to track the evolution of ZIF-8 in a confined space of resin polymer as a submicroreactor itself. It is found that nanoribbon evolution occurs via the formation of the intermediate needle-like particles. The Pd&ZnO@carbon submicroreactor is shown to be a highly selective catalyst (selectivity >99%) for hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to phenylethylene. The excellent performance of Pd&ZnO@carbon particles is evidenced by higher conversion and selectivity than that of Pd/ZnO and Pd/C with similar Pd loading. Furthermore, Pd&ZnO@carbon submicroreactors show superior catalytic stability, and no deactivation after 25 h of reaction. The proposed strategy is promising for the design of multifunctional micro/nanoreactors or nanocontainers for construction of artificial cells.

Co‐MOF‐Derived Hierarchical Mesoporous Yolk‐shell‐structured Nanoreactor for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitroarenes with Hydrazine Hydrate

“…High reaction temperature is known to be more conducive to the reaction. With the decrease in the reaction temperature, the conversion of nitrobenzene in 10 min also decreased to a certain extent ( Table 1, entries [15][16][17][18]. The catalyst and initial substrate concentrations also affected the reaction rate of catalysis.…”

“…Methyl-substituted nitrobenzene perfectly conformed to the catalytic reduction conditions, which was converted into corresponding amines ( Table 2, entries 12-13). m-Aminonitrobenzene, p-nitrobenzaldehyde and p-nitroacetophenone were also effectively reduced over Co@ZDC@mC-700 to obtain corresponding products in a relatively short time ( Table 2, entries [14][15][16]. With the change in the substituted functional Table 2, entry 21).…”

“…[12][13][14] Hence, mesoporous yolk-shell materials that can mimic the structural ability of living cells to achieve high catalytic efficiency are considered to be ideal nanoreactors. [15] In recent years, some different synthetic methods have been investigated for the preparation of yolk-shell nanoreactors, such as soft templating, Kirkendall-effect-based methods, Ostwald ripening, selective etching, ship-in-bottle methods, and the galvanic replacement method. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Notably, these methods afford yolk-shell nanostructures comprising mononuclear nanocrystal and porous shells.…”

In-situ embedding zeolitic imidazolate framework derived Co–N–C bifunctional catalysts in carbon nanotube networks for flexible Zn–air batteries

“…The precursor ZIF constructed by metal ions coordinated with organic linkers takes such advantages as ordered porosity, high specific surface area, and high chemical tunability. When pyrolyzed, it can be converted to metal/metallic oxides immobilized in doped porous carbon shells, which have shown high catalytic activity for ORR and OER [29][30][31][32][33] . For example, Amiinu et al reported that Co-N x /C nanorod array catalysts derived from ZIF-8 and Co(NO 3 ) 2 showed much lower ORR and OER overpotentials than Pt/C and IrO 2 catalysts [32] .…”

Fabrication of 3D Hierarchical Byttneria Aspera‐Like Ni@Graphitic Carbon Yolk–Shell Microspheres as Bifunctional Catalysts for Ultraefficient Oxidation/Reduction of Organic Contaminants

“…To gain an ideal catalyst, rational design on structure is necessary. Inspired by the positive role of the 3D hierarchical hollow yolk–shell structure in heterogeneous catalysts, such as rapid mass transfer of reactant/product and/or excellent energy‐harvesting via multiple reflections in cavity, herein, as a representative, we designed and constructed a 3D hierarchical byttneria aspera‐like yolk–shell Ni@GC hybrids via direct thermolysis of a Ni‐based MOF (Ni‐BTC, where BTC represents 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid) precursor under N 2 atmosphere ( Scheme ). Encouragingly, benefiting from the unique structure and inherited morphology feature, the as‐obtained Ni@GC showed efficient MW‐driven catalytic degradation for norfloxacin (NOR) and direct 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction by NaBH 4 , demonstrating its superior dual‐functional catalytic performance as expected.…”