The Diagnosis and Management of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

Keiser, Jennifer; Bergsland, Emily K.; Nakakura, Eric K.

doi:10.5772/33477

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…32–34 To make matters worse, poorly differentiated (high grade) cancers are typically the most aggressive, growing faster and spreading more rapidly than well-differentiated (low grade) cancers. 35 Lymphomas, which originate from the lymphatic system, commonly exhibit poor differentiation. 32, 36 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in approximately 3% of patients, the primary cancer site is never found. Often, these cancers are poorly differentiated, lacking key morphological features that can be used to identify the origin of more developed cells. − To make matters worse, poorly differentiated (high grade) cancers are typically the most aggressive, growing faster and spreading more rapidly than well-differentiated (low grade) cancers . Lymphomas, which originate from the lymphatic system, commonly exhibit poor differentiation. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32−34 To make matters worse, poorly differentiated (high grade) cancers are typically the most aggressive, growing faster and spreading more rapidly than welldifferentiated (low grade) cancers. 35 Lymphomas, which originate from the lymphatic system, commonly exhibit poor differentiation. 32,36 In Figure 3, four lymphoproliferative cancer cell lines (Raji, Ramos, NCI-H929, and BCBL-1) are compared with a single ovarian carcinoma cell line (ES-2).…”

Section: Identification Of Cancer Cell Origin and Typementioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiation of Cancer Cell Origin and Molecular Subtype by Plasma Membrane N-Glycan Profiling

Hua¹,

Saunders²,

Dimapasoc³

et al. 2014

J. Proteome Res.

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In clinical settings, biopsies are routinely used to determine cancer type and grade based on tumor cell morphology, as determined via histochemical or immunohistochemical staining. Unfortunately, in a significant number of cases, traditional biopsy results are either inconclusive or do not provide full subtype differentiation, possibly leading to inefficient or ineffective treatment. Glycomic profiling of the cell membrane offers an alternate route towards cancer diagnosis. In this study, isomer-sensitive nano-LC/MS was used to directly obtain detailed profiles of the different N-glycan structures present on cancer cell membranes. Membrane N-glycans were extracted from cells representing various subtypes of breast, lung, cervical, ovarian, and lymphatic cancer. Chip-based porous graphitized carbon nano-LC/MS was used to separate, identify, and quantify the native N-glycans. Structure-sensitive N-glycan profiling identified hundreds of glycan peaks per cell line, including multiple isomers for most compositions. Hierarchical clusterings based on Pearson correlation coefficients were used to quickly compare and separate each cell line according to originating organ and disease subtype. Based simply on the relative abundances of broad glycan classes (e.g. high mannose, complex/hybrid fucosylated, complex/hybrid sialylated, etc.) most cell lines were readily differentiated. More closely-related cell lines were differentiated based on several-fold differences in the abundances of individual glycans. Based on characteristic N-glycan profiles, primary cancer origins and molecular subtypes could be distinguished. These results demonstrate that stark differences in cancer cell membrane glycosylation can be exploited to create an MS-based biopsy, with potential applications towards cancer diagnosis and direction of treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Cancer Cell Origin and Typementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differentiation of Cancer Cell Origin and Molecular Subtype by Plasma Membrane N-Glycan Profiling

Hua¹,

Saunders²,

Dimapasoc³

et al. 2014

J. Proteome Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Poorly differentiated mNETs, which often do not express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) [10, 11], are generally treated with platinum-based chemotherapy irrespective of primary tumor site [12], while treatment for well-differentiated mNETs is increasingly site specific with antiproliferative therapies, including SSAs for gastroenteropancreatic mNETs [4, 5, 7] and targeted treatment options such as everolimus for pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and lung mNETs and sunitinib for pancreatic mNETs [6, 8, 13–15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostic imaging has increased in scope and sophistication in tandem with the increased availability of targeted treatments. Because the majority of well-differentiated NETs express a high density of SSTRs, particularly SSTR subtype 2 [10, 11, 16], imaging with SSTR positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (e.g., 68 Ga-labeled octreotide (DOTATOC) or octreotate (DOTATATE)) has shown usefulness in identifying NETs of previous unknown primary location [13, 17–21] or recurrent NETs [22]. One study found higher rates of detection of primary tumors with 68 Ga DOTATOC compared with indium 111 DTPA in patients with NETs of unknown primary tumor origin [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%